Los caracteres de la soberanía del Estado ante el proceso de integración Europea
Author | Ángela Figueruelo Burrieza |
Pages | 49-53 |
Page 49
Desde hace medio siglo los Estados Constitucionales Europeos están inmersos en un proceso ingente de cambios debido a su participación en el fenómeno integrador europeo. Frente a las clásicas relaciones interestatales, fundadas en el respeto del principio de soberanía estatal, surgen otras relaciones distintas en el seno de la Unión Europea que se basan en el traspaso de competencias desde los Estados miembros de la Unión a las instituciones comunes que han creado. Este hecho conlleva una merma de la soberanía estatal, entendida como capacidad de decisión última y suprema, porque el ejercicio de esas competencias y poderes por la nueva organización supranacional se manifiesta sustancialmente en la producción de normas jurídicas (PÉREZ CALVO, 2003; GARCÍA GESTOSO, 2003) que inciden directamente en la esfera jurídica de los nacionales de todos los Estados participantes, rompiendo la impenetrabilidad jurídica tradicional del Estado. Así pues, la existencia y el desarrollo de la Unión Europea cuestiona la vigencia de los principios básicos configuradores del verdadero y moderno concepto de Constitución al tenor de los postulados básicos del Derecho Constitucional; este ente supranacional se nutre de la soberanía de los Estados que lo conforman y camina hacia la obtención de un grado de estatalidad que va en detrimento de los Estados participantes que cada vez son menos soberanos (GARCÍA HERRERA, 1997).
Desde que surgen el concepto y las manifestaciones de la soberanía estatal aparecen críticas a su significado desde distintos ángulos. Una de ellas proviene del surgimiento de la Unión Europea. La integración de Europa se va consiguiendo gracias a la transferencia de atribuciones de los Estados a un ente nuevo, lo cual implica una disminución de la soberanía estatal sobre todo en relación al monopolio del Derecho interno. Por ello se cuestiona por la doctrina el significado y el alcance de la soberaníaPage 50 estatal porque el Tratado constitucional europeo en marcha provoca una notable relativización del concepto de soberanía en sentido tradicional.
Los Tratados comunitarios han impuesto a los Estados miembros tales restricciones que han originado problemas constitucionales y transformaciones en los Estados participantes en esa entidad supranacional; especialmente en la base de los sistemas constitucionales estatales europeos y de toda la Teoría Constitucional moderna forjada sobre la soberanía popular a través de la cual se pueden...
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Request your trial- Luces y sombras del Tratado Constitucional Europeo
- Primera parte
- Precedentes
- La Convención como alternativa a la conferencia diplomática en la reforma de los tratados
- Sobre el concepto de Constitución
- Los Principios inspiradores del constitucionalismo clásico
- En torno a la idea de estado y sus elementos
- La naturaleza jurídica de la Unión Europea
- Los caracteres de la soberanía del Estado ante el proceso de integración Europea
- Las relaciones entre el derecho comunitario y el derecho interno
- Modificaciones producidas en el sistema interno de fuentes del derecho por la adhesión a la Europa Unida
- El Ámbito de la jurisprudencia del TC en la resolución de conflictos entre el derecho comuntiario y el derecho interno
- Las relaciones entre el derecho constitucional y el derecho de la Unión Europea a partir de la entrada en vigor del tratado constitucional
- Recapitulación
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