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Conclusiones
Author | Patricia Argerey Vilar |
Desde una perspectiva jurídica, la actual política comunitaria de inmigración tiene un carácter fundamentalmente defensivo. De manera prioritaria pone el acento en el desarrollo de dos tipos de medidas. Las primeras tienen por finalidad prevenir la llegada de inmigrantes a través de un control efectivo de los flujos migratorios, así como una gestión eficaz de las fronteras exteriores y su reforzamiento.
Las segundas se han centrado en la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal, dejando relegado a un segundo plano el desarrollo de un régimen de extranjería que defina un estatuto aplicable a los nacionales de terceros países residentes en el territorio de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea.
Esta visión, limita la perspectiva del Tratado de Ámsterdam de 1997 relativa al desarrollo, a escala europea, una política comunitaria de carácter global e integral capaz de equilibrar las medidas restrictivas con el trato justo y digno de los nacionales de terceros países.
Los resultados de esta política comunitaria no dejan de ser poco satisfactorios, teniendo en cuenta el desafío al que se enfrenta la Unión Europea de configurarse como un Espacio de Libertad, Seguridad y Justicia.
Se ha conseguido avanzar en el ámbito del control de los flujos migratorios y la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal, aunque sigue siendo necesario un mayor desarrollo en el plano de la coordinación operativa y la colaboración entre los Estados miembros, así como en el establecimiento de criterios comunes sobre buenas prácticas y formación. Por otro lado, está por ver si las medidas adoptadas en el campo del retorno producirán los efectos deseados si no se consigue una verdadera coordinación, colaboración y asistencia entre los Estados miembros.
En el proceso hacia la instauración de un régimen de extranjería, a pesar de que la Comisión ha presentado varias propuestas de gran trascendencia, sólo ha sido posible adoptar, hasta el momento, dos directivas: una sobre reagrupación familiar y otra sobre el estatuto de los residentes permanentes. Sin embargo, no se ha podido avanzar hacia el establecimiento de un estatuto que regule la situación de los nacionales de terceros países residentes en el territorio de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, ni sobre las condiciones de entrada con fines laborales.
No obstante, muchas de las medidas aprobadas y de las propuestas presentadas conceden un amplio margen de discrecionalidad a los Estados miembros a la hora de hacerlas...
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