La constitución europea, ¿un modelo para europa?
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Los amigos de la Constitución quieren que Europa avance y quieren que lo haga sin más pausas. Incluso están dispuestos a dejar atrás a los que frenen el proceso de impulsar un texto que motivaría el nacimiento de una Unión política supranacional capaz de defender la posición común de 27 Estados. Y es que el texto constitucional, el "tratado por el que se instituye una Constitución para Europa", es un tratado internacional, pues regula las relaciones entre Estados y está sometido a iguales procedimientos de ratificación que otros tratados, pero también recoge elementos característicos de una Constitución, como los relativos al funcionamiento de las instituciones, el reparto de competencias entre la Unión y los Estados, los valores de Europa y los derechos de sus ciudadanos, parte esta última que avala la definición del texto como "Constitución".
La Constitución Europea, cuya redacción se extiende por 482 páginas, se divide en cuatro partes: la parte i y la ii establecen estas disposiciones constitucionales y la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales; la parte III describe las políticas europeas y la IV recoge las disposiciones generales y finales. Con la Carta, en la que se incluyen los derechos civiles y políticos clásicos, se garantiza el derecho a la vida, el respeto de la dignidad humana, la prohibición de la tortura y de la pena de muerte, el derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad, a la liber-Page 218tad de pensamiento, de conciencia y de religión o la libertad de expresión y de información. El texto también reconoce la existencia del modelo social europeo, basado en la solidaridad, la igualdad y la justicia social en ámbitos como el empleo, la educación y la sanidad, , un aspecto que ha recibido muchas críticas por anclarse en lo ya establecido en otros tratados, como la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres o la lucha contra la discriminación. En el campo laboral introduce el "pleno empleo" entre sus objetivos fundamentales y refuerza el papel de la negociación colectiva, aunque la política de empleo seguiría siendo competencia de los Estados miembros, limitando la acción comunitaria a la coordinación, la orientación y el asesoramiento.
Se trata, en cualquier caso, de un texto con más derechos, más democracia y más apertura. Así, para hacer oír la voz europea el tratado constitucional recoge la creación del cargo de ministro de asuntos Exteriores de la Unión y una defensa común; y para acercar la Unión a los ciudadanos y reducir el...
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- Europa busca modelo
- Agradecimientos
- Prólogo. El rescate sustantivo del tratado constitucional europeo
- Introducción
- El 'si' a la constitución europea en los parlamentos nacionales y en las urnas
- La ausencia de opinión pública europea
- El debate nacional sobre europa en la campaña de los referenda
- El referéndum español I. El contexto político
- El referéndum español II. Las negociaciones con los grupos minoritarios
- El referéndum español III. La campaña electoral
- El referéndum español III. El 20-F
- El referéndum francés
- El referéndum holandés
- El referéndum en Luxemburgo
- Nueva agenda política para los ciudadanos europeos tras un año de reflexión
- Alemania retoma la cuestión constitucional con la intención de reanimarla y de relanzar la unidad de Europa
- La europa política de los amigos de la constitución pasa por un acuerdo de máximos
- La constitución europea, ¿un modelo para europa?
- Conclusiones
- Bibliografía
- Epílogo. El referéndum de la constitución europea y los medios de comunicación
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