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- Tercera Parte. El Sistema Normativo de la Unión Europea y Su Aplicación
Las relaciones entre el Derecho Comunitario y el Derecho Español
Author | Sánchez Marín, Ángel-Luis |
Profession | Doctor en Derecho. Profesor Asociado de Derecho Internacional Público |
Pages | 81-83 |
Page 81
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España se integró en las Comunidades Europeas el 1 de enero de 1986, dando un paso trascendental que rompía definitivamente con el aislacionismo que caracterizó su posición internacional durante buena parte del siglo XX. Bien es cierto que, con anterioridad a la Guerra Civil, se pueden constatar períodos de mayor o menor aislacionismo, por diversas causas, pero lo significativo y diferenciador es que el aislacionismo posterior a 1939 tiene su causa en el rechazo por la Comunidad Internacional del régimen político instaurado por el general FRANCO. No obstante, no debe pensarse que esta situación, iniciada poco después de la Guerra Civil con la retirada de embajadores por algunos países occidentales, permaneció inalterada a lo largo de décadas. La diplomacia del régimen de FRANCO consiguió éxitos parciales a lo largo de los casi cuarenta años de dictadura. Así, por ejemplo, en 1955, con los auspicios de países iberoamericanos, España se incorporaría a la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, en la que no había sido admitida cuando fue fundada en 1945. Por otra parte, las relaciones con Estados Unidos, determinadas por el interés estratégico que España tenía para aquél país, serán, igualmente, un factor de estabilidad y reconocimiento internacional del régimen político franquista.
La primera solicitud de ingreso de España en las Comunidades Europeas no sería atendida (1962), y no sólo por razones económicas evidentes sino, fundamentalmente, por razones políticas. La Comunidad Europea es desde sus inicios una organización que agrupa a democracias, y el régimen español no cumplía ninguno de los requisitos que exigía esta caracterización que ha ido cobrando mayor relevancia con el paso del tiempo.
No obstante, en 1970 la diplomacía franquista consiguió un acuerdo preferencial con las Comunidades Europeas. No cabe duda que desde 1957 se había operado una considerable transformación de la orientación de la economía nacional, que abandonaría definitivamente los planteamientos autárquicos con el plan de estabilización de 1959 y los planes de desarrollo que se inician en 1963. España experimentaría un considerable crecimiento económico, surgiendo, por primera vez en nuestra historia, una clase media significativa. Las costas españolas se convertirán en el primer destino turístico europeo, y, en definitiva, nuestro país será un importante cliente comercial para la Comunidad Económica Europea y ésta será el primer cliente para España. Pero...
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- Tercera parte. El Sistema Normativo de la Unión Europea y su aplicación
- Las Fuentes del Derecho de la Unión Europea
- Las relaciones entre el Derecho Comunitario y el Derecho de los Estados Miembros
- Las relaciones entre el Derecho Comunitario y el Derecho Español
- La interpretación y aplicación del Derecho Comunitario por el Tribunal de Justicia
- Bibliografía general utilizada
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