Introducción
Author | Beatriz Fernández Ogallar |
Pages | 19-21 |
Page 19
Mediante esta obra se persigue realizar un acercamiento al complejo proceso de armonización de las legislaciones de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea en materia penal, que se está desarrollando a nivel comunitario desde hace unas décadas, al objeto de alcanzar una determinada equivalencia en distintos aspectos de sus ordenamientos jurídicos penales internos, y que en los últimos tiempos ha experimentado una notable expansión, tanto cuantitativa, en relación a los comportamientos delictivos que abarca, como cualitativa, en cuanto a la profundidad de la regulación que emana de esta instancia.
Como punto de partida, al abordar el análisis de un proceso que tiene su origen y se impulsa desde la Unión Europea, el primer elemento digno de estudio es la propia naturaleza de este ente, que presenta una con?guración atípica y novedosa en lo que a formaciones supranacionales se re?ere. Esta par ticu laridad se debe a que la pertenencia a la Unión Europea implica para los Estados miembros la cesión de gran parte de sus competencias estatales, sin perjuicio de conservar su independencia soberana. En consecuencia, la Unión Europea ni es susceptible de encuadrarse en la categoría de estado federal, ni tampoco puede tenerse por una mera organización internacional.
A su vez, la peculiar idiosincrasia europea se encuentra íntimamente vinculada a las no menos genuinas características de sus instituciones, así como a las competencias legislativas que tienen atribuidas, en especial las relacionadas con el Derecho penal.
Pero aparte de esta especialidad jurídica europea, no puede obviarse la enorme repercusión práctica que el proceso de integración de la Unión Europea está teniendo, tanto a nivel puramente institucional como sobre el acervo de bienes jurídicos y derechos que asisten a los ciudadanos de los Estados miembros, incidencia que se ve incrementada en el Derecho
Page 20
penal, por ser el instrumento estatal con mayor capacidad para inferir sobre las libertades personales de los individuos.
Es necesario dejar señalado en este momento, aunque luego se incidirá sobre ello, que todas estas par ticu laridades de la Unión Europea no siempre tendrán fácil encaje en las exigencias contempladas en nuestro ordenamiento constitucional, por lo que resulta fácil imaginar que se suscitarán importantes cuestiones en torno a diversos principios ordenadores del mismo, y, en especial, al de legalidad. De momento, baste reiterar aquí que el Derecho...
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- El derecho penal armonizado de la Unión Europea
- Abreviaturas
- Agradecimientos
- Prólogo
- Introducción
- Antecedentes históricos
- Instituciones europeas
- Los procedimientos legislativos en la unión
- Los efectos del derecho comunitario sobre el derecho nacional
- Los instrumentos legislativos en el ámbito europeo
- Las posibles competencias de la Unión Europea en materia penal
- El proceso de armonización del derecho penal en la Unión Europea
- Cuestiones relativas al principio de legalidad
- Cuestiones relativas al principio de proporcionalidad
- Balance y conclusiones
- Bibliografía
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