Dictamen del Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre la Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo y al Parlamento Europeo sobre la financiación a largo plazo de la economía europea — [COM(2014) 168 final]
Section | dictamen |
Issuing Organization | Consejo de la Unión Europea |
16.12.2014 ES Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea C 451/91
Ponente: Michael Smyth Coponente: Vincent Farrugia
El 14 de marzo de 2014 la Comisión Europea decidió consultar, de conformidad con el artículo 304 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre la
Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo y al Parlamento Europeo sobre la financiación a largo plazo de la economía europea
COM(2014) 168 final.
La Sección Especializada de Unión Económica y Monetaria y Cohesión Económica y Social, encargada de preparar los trabajos en este asunto, aprobó su dictamen el 17 de junio de 2014.
En su 500o pleno de los días 9 y 10 de julio de 2014 (sesión del 9 de julio de 2014), el Comité Económico y Social Europeo aprobó por 139 votos a favor, 2 en contra y 3 abstenciones el presente dictamen.
1.1 El CESE respalda en términos generales la Comunicación de la Comisión que da seguimiento al Libro Verde sobre la financiación a largo plazo de la economía europea (1). Se trata de un desarrollo positivo del debate político sobre el mejor modo de atender las necesidades de inversión a largo plazo de Europa.
1.2 El CESE reconoce que la Comisión debe actuar en los ámbitos de su competencia estimulando al mismo tiempo los cambios de política y los cambios institucionales adecuados a escala mundial y de los Estados miembros. Esto es especialmente importante en el contexto de regímenes reguladores nacionales e internacionales que influyen en los horizontes a más largo plazo de las decisiones de inversión. Por ejemplo, en muchos Estados miembros existe en los sistemas fiscales un sesgo favorable a la financiación de la deuda de las empresas que las incentiva a utilizar deuda en lugar de aportación de capital como fuente de financiación. Para una financiación a largo plazo de las empresas más diversificada y estable debe animarse a los Estados miembros a promover una mayor utilización de la inversión en capital social. La Comisión debe continuar presionando para lograrlo.
1.3 La mayoría de las propuestas de la Comunicación de la Comisión son sólidas y coherentes con el objetivo de promover un horizonte de inversión a más largo plazo, pero se necesitará tiempo para ponerlas en práctica. Se necesitan nuevos instrumentos para la inversión a largo plazo (tales como los bonos para financiación de proyectos UE 2020) y el CESE insta a la Comisión a avanzar rápidamente hacia la aplicación.
1.4 A fin de promover una financiación a más largo plazo de la economía, es esencial la realización de una unión bancaria. La política monetaria debe acomodarse a las inversiones a largo plazo en lo que se refiere a unos tipos de interés apropiados, tanto para los inversores como para los ahorradores. El CESE acoge con satisfacción el compromiso de la Comisión de investigar la fragmentación de los flujos transfronterizos de ahorro y también de evaluar la viabilidad de desarrollar un producto de ahorro a escala de la UE.
1.5 El CESE considera que en la actualidad existe una oportunidad única para articular, desarrollar y aplicar un marco de la UE para las inversiones a largo plazo basado en el sólido corpus de trabajos analíticos realizados, entre otros, por la Comisión, el Instituto Internacional de Hacienda y el Grupo de los treinta. Los obstáculos que entorpecen una financiación sostenible a largo plazo son bien conocidos y se han de vencer. Se centran en cinco grandes retos: — animar a los inversores a que adopten una perspectiva a más largo plazo en sus decisiones de inversión;
— crear nuevos intermediarios y nuevos instrumentos orientados a la inversión a largo plazo;
— desarrollar mercados de capitales de deuda y de acciones para ampliar la gama de instrumentos de financiación;
— garantizar que el flujo de capital a través de las fronteras es ordenado y que favorece las inversiones a más largo plazo;
— desarrollar mejores análisis sistémicos en el momento de elaborar futuras políticas de reglamentación.
El CESE ve avances hacia estos objetivos en esta Comunicación e insta a la Comisión a mantener y acelerar el ritmo en sus próximas propuestas sobre financiación a largo plazo.
2.1 La Comunicación objeto de examen constituye una respuesta meditada de la Comisión al satisfactorio proceso de consulta iniciado a raíz de la publicación, en marzo de 2013, del Libro Verde sobre la financiación a largo plazo de la economía europea (2). El documento expone una serie de propuestas y actuaciones orientadas a eliminar los obstáculos que impiden una mayor movilización de las fuentes públicas y privadas de financiación a largo plazo. La Comisión considera que, si bien los bancos seguirán desempeñando un importante...
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