Activos digitales en non-fungible tokens (NFT): riesgos jurídicos, plataformas mercado e (in)aplicación del derecho de consumo

AuthorFrancisca M. Rosselló-Rubert
ProfessionProfesora Contratada Doctora Interina de Derecho Mercantil Universitat de les Illes Balears
Pages535-547
ACTIVOS DIGITALES EN NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS
(NFT): RIESGOS JURÍDICOS, PLATAFORMAS MERCADO
E (IN)APLICACIÓN DEL DERECHO DE CONSUMO*
DIGITAL ASSETS WITHIN NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFT):
LEGAL RISKS, MARKET PLATFORMS AND (UN)APPLIED
CONSUMER LAW
Francisca M. ROSSELLÓ-RUBERT
Profesora Contratada Doctora Interina de Derecho Mercantil
Universitat de les Illes Balears
RESUMEN: La reciente irrupción en el mercado de los non-fungible tokens (NFT) ha causado revuelo debido al elevado
importe de algunas transacciones y a la creciente moda de «poseer» contenidos digitales. El formato NFT sugiere pre-
guntas en cuanto a su naturaleza y utilidades, así como sobre su funcionamiento técnico, especialmente en relación a
la blockchain y a la variable conf‌iguración de metadatos. El adquirente tiene expectativas en cuanto al uso y disfrute,
utilidad y valor del NFT que no siempre se corresponden con los derechos efectivamente transmitidos, y puede desco-
nocer los riesgos relacionados con la permanencia e inmutabilidad del activo digital. Ref‌lexionaremos sobre la aplicación
de la protección al consumidor en adquisiciones de NFT a través de plataformas mercado, con atención a las principales
normas nacionales y a las recientes regulaciones del ámbito europeo.
Palabras clave: tókenes, derecho de consumo, plataformas digitales, bienes digitales.
ABSTRACT: The recent irruption in the market of non-fungible tokens (NFT) has caused a stir due to the high value of some
transactions and the growing trend of «owning» digital content. The NFT format raises questions regarding its nature
and uses, as well as its technical operation, especially in relation to the blockchain and the possible changing metadata
conf‌iguration. The acquirer has expectations regarding the use and enjoyment, usefulness and value of the NFT that do
not always correspond to the rights effectively transferred and may be unaware of the risks related to the permanence
and immutability of the digital asset. We will analyze the application of consumer protection in NFT acquisitions through
market platforms, paying attention to the main national legal provisions and the recent European regulations.
Keywords: tokens, consumer law, digital platforms, digital goods.
* Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Proyecto RTI2018-097225-B-100 «Plataformas de
intercambio electrónico y nuevos modelos económicos disruptivos: problemática jurídica. En particular,
el denominado alquiler turístico vacacional» (Investigadora Principal: Dra. Apol·lònia MARTÍNEZ NADAL),
dentro del Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, f‌inanciado por el Ministerio
de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, la Agencia Española de Investigación y Fondos FEDER, y desa-
rrollado en la Universitat de les Illes Balears.

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