Annex I - bank of documents

• Author: CETMAR, COGEA, Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (European Commission), POSEIDON, Seascape Belgium, Universidade de Vigo
• Pages: 204-292

Study on the Economic Impact of MSP

204

Annex I - Bank of documents

The ‘bank of documents’ is a collection of ‘fiches’ with basic information on the

reviewed papers and reports from aggregate ‘ N4’. For more details, please see

Chapter 1 ‘Review of literature’.

Identification

Author

Jason Blau, Lee Green

Title

Assessing the impact of a new approach to ocean management: Evidence to date from five

ocean plans

Source/journal

Marine Policy

Impact Factor

Impact factor: 2.109

5-year Impact factor: 2.495

Year

2015

Classification

Functional

classification

Economic environment

Sequential

classification

Implementation

Type (descriptive,

theoretic.-method.,

applied)

Applied method

Thematic

Benefits and impacts

Sectors involved

Wind energy, fisheries, shipping, tourism

Number and profile

of stakeholders

involved (e.g.

private, public,

organisation)

50 interviewees: agency personnel, conservation groups, wind industry professionals,

fishermen, other ocean users and academics (not specified)

Temporal Scope

Not available

Geographical Scope

Belgium, Norway (Barents Sea), Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Australia (Great Barrier Reef)

Status (ongoing,

fully implemented)

Fully-implemented plans

Methods used

Semi-structured (confidential) interviews; cost-benefit analysis

Qualitative assessment

Informative

summary

 The study aims to quantify the economic costs and benefits of spatial plans

 It undertakes 5 case studies: in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Great Barrier Reef Marine

Park, Norway and Belgium

 Case studies and expert interviews are used because the plans are relatively new and

there’s a lack of quantitative data.

 The plans studied likely created approximately $310 million, mainly through offshore wind

developments in Rhode Island and Belgium.

 Belgium’s new (as of 2015) offshore wind farms provide approximately $230 million in

annual gross revenues

 Money was saved thanks to the plan, by speeding up the permitting process

 Some sectors were damaged by the plans. E.g. in Australia and Rhode Island the

government decided to compensate fishermen for their expected losses. However, in the

Netherlands and Germany, planners expect losses to be negligible, as fishing revenue is

more constrained by overfishing than by lack of space.

 Sand and gravel extraction was also ‘damaged’ by the plans in Massachusetts and

Belgium.

 In all case studies outside the US, government have shouldered any additional costs

within agency budgets.

 Not all economic benefits have been shared equally. Major capital-intensive projects like

wind farms have reaped the biggest economic benefits mainly arising from greater

certainty and speed of regulatory processes.

 Plans have typically not brought major economic benefits to incumbent industry such as

commercial and recreational fisheries, tourism and shipping.

 The net impact on government costs is likely small

Main aspects and

contributions to our

study

The scope of the paper is quite similar to that of our study. The method is also quite similar: a

quantification of costs and benefits for the sectors involved, complemented with semi-

structured interviews, because of lack of quantitative data. However, the method is not well

detailed, and it is not clear how costs and benefits have been quantified. The paper shows that

some sectors may reap benefits from MSP while some other may bear additional costs. The

net effect found is positive, but this essentially depends on the policy choices made.

Government costs (estimated through interviews) seem to be negligible.

Any reference

source to economic

data

GHK Consulting, Wilson S. Potential benefits of marine spatial planning to economic activity in

the UK. Sandy, United Kingdom: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; 2004.

(http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/MSPUK_tcm9-132923.pdf)

Comments

In Rhode Island fishermen negotiated a compensation package worth $285,000 per year

from the smaller Block Island wind farm (Kaldor-Hicks Improvement)

Study on the Economic Impact of MSP

205

Identification

Author

Reniel B. Cabral, Steven D. Gaines, Brett A. Johnson, Tom W. Bell, and Crow

White

Title

Drivers of redistribution of fishing and non-fishing effort after the

implementation of a marine protected area network

Source/journal

Ecological Applications, 27(2), 2017, pp. 416-428

Impact Factor

Impact factor: 4.393

Year

2017

Classification

Functional

classification

Economic environment

Sequential

classification

Implementation

Type

(descriptive,

theoretic.-

method., applied)

Applied method

Thematic

Methods (spatial analysis)

Sectors involved

Fisheries

Number and

profile of

stakeholders

involved (e.g.

private, public,

organisation)

No stakeholders involved

Temporal Scope

1997-2011

Geographical

Scope

California Channel Islands

Status (ongoing,

fully

implemented)

Fully-implemented marine protected areas (not spatial plans)

Methods used

Aerial surveys, statistical analysis (generalised linear model, Poisson

regression), spatial analysis

Qualitative

assessment

Informative

summary

 The establishment of a MPA can change the spatial pattern of commercial

and recreational fisheries.

Main aspects and

contributions to

our study

The paper provides a method to understand how fishing effort is redistributed

following the implementation of a marine protected area. In theory, this method

could be used to estimate the economic benefits or costs generated for the

fisheries sector by a spatial plan. In practice, it is difficult to replicate it, as it

requires long time-series of fly-over data, which are not normally available.

Any reference

source to

economic data

Comments

Study on the Economic Impact of MSP

206

Identification

Author

Francois Bastardie, J. Rasmus Nielsen, O. R. Eigaard, H. O. Fock, P. Jonsson,

and V. Bartolino

Title

Competition for marine space: modelling the Baltic Sea fisheries and effort

displacement under spatial restrictions

Source/journal

ICES Journal of Marine Science (2015), 72(3), 824-840

Impact Factor

Impact factor: 2.906

5-year Impact factor: 2.969

Year

2015

Classification

Functional

classification

Transaction costs

Sequential

classification

Preparation

Type

(descriptive,

theoretic.-

method., applied)

Theoretical/Methodological

Thematic

Methods

Sectors involved

Fisheries

Number and

profile of

stakeholders

involved (e.g.

private, public,

organisation)

No stakeholders involved

Temporal Scope

Not available

Geographical

Scope

Western Baltic Sea (Danish, German, and Swedish vessels)

Status (ongoing,

fully

implemented)

Planned restrictions

Methods used

Logbook landing declarations coupled to VMS data; Quantitative bio-economic

analysis (DISPLACE model); elaboration of scenarios (revenue, GVA, energy

efficiency)

Qualitative assessment

Informative

summary

 The baseline 2012 situation reveals that the planned offshore wind mill

parks in the western Baltic Sea do not really interfere with important fishing

grounds for the Danish fisheries. A notable exception is the large “Kriegers

Flak” site where wind turbines are intended to beshared between Denmark,

Germany, and ultimately Sweden.

 Overall, most of the investigated scenarios affect the trip planning decisions

with adverse significant consequences on energy efficiency (so, a cost)

 However, two scenarios did not alter the current profitability of the fisheries

more than a 2%decrease, and no net increase in fuel cost is estimated

 There is extensive contrast in the outcomes of the scenarios between the

individual vessels because of adverse impact on fuel cost and the

profitability. The positive effects measured at the fishery scale could, among

other explanations, be due to the detriment of some vessels that cannot

easily cope economically with the implementation of the restricted areas by

lowering their catch rates and individual catches.

 The effort displacement is beneficial for the stocks under study, and

therefore beneficial for the Baltic fisheries overall

Main aspects and

contributions to

our study

The tool is designed to assist optimal decision-making in reaction to stock

fluctuations, changes in available space for fishing, and management actions, at

the finest scale available. The model offers a detailed level of understanding on

how stable profits and more energy-efficient fisheries are possible, even if a

zonation reduces the fishing opportunities and the number of fishing grounds.

The paper is partially out of scope with respect to the MSP study and plus,

DISPLACE is quite data demanding, including satellite-based VMS data and

biological information that are included in the modelling at various scales

over a range of species and biological and economic processes and

functional relationships.

Any reference

source to

economic data

Comments