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- Segunda Parte. El Sistema Institucional y de Personal de la Unión Europea
La Comisión
Author | Sánchez Marín, Ángel-Luis |
Profession | Doctor en Derecho. Profesor Asociado de Derecho Internacional Público |
Pages | 29-32 |
Page 29
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En el marco general de las instituciones comunitarias, la Comisión es el órgano que representa a la Unión Europea, al encarnar el interés supranacional frente a los intereses particulares de los Estados miembros.
El número de comisarios depende, en principio, del número de Estados miembros de la Unión, pero el TCE autoriza al Consejo a modificar, por unanimidad, dicho número (art. 213 TCE). En cualquier caso, el Tratado de 1965 de Fusión de Ejecutivos impuso unas reglas de reparto entre los nacionales de los Estados miembros según las cuales la Comisión debía comprender al menos un nacional de cada uno de los Estados miembros y, como máximo, dos.
En la actualidad, la Comisión se compone de 20 miembros, uno de los cuales es su presidente. Aunque los Tratados no contienen ninguna disposición al respecto, la práctica habitual hasta ahora ha permitido que los Estados con mayor extensión y población (Alemania, Francia, Italia, Reino Unido y España) propongan dos candidatos cada uno, y los Estados más pequeños únicamente puedan proponer un candidato de su respectiva nacionalidad.
En perspectiva de futuro, cuando la Unión cuente con 27 miembros, el número de los que formen parte de la Comisión tendrá que ser inferior al número de Estados miembros, y los mismos serán designados conforme a un sistema de rotación igualitaria (Protocolo sobre la ampliación de la Unión Europea, art. 4 anejo al TUE. Origen: Tratado de Niza).
Las condiciones requeridas por los Tratados para ser elegido comisario son tres: ser nacional de un Estado miembro, estar dotado de competencia general (ser titular de un curriculum adecuado al papel que se va ejercer) y ofrecer garantías plenas de independencia, tanto de cualquier Estado miembro, como de entidades públicas o privadas.
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Los miembros de la Comisión serán nombrados por un período de cinco años, con arreglo al siguiente procedimiento (art. 2, 22 del Tratado de Niza): El Consejo, reunido en su formación de Jefes de Estado o de Gobierno y por mayoría cualificada, designará a la personalidad a la que se proponga nombrar Presidente de la Comisión; el Parlamento Europeo deberá aprobar dicha designación. Posteriormente, el Consejo, por mayoría cualificada y de común acuerdo con el Presidente designado, adoptará la lista de las demás personalidades a las que se proponga nombrar miembros de la Comisión, establecida de conformidad con las propuestas presentadas por cada Estado miembro. El Presidente y los demás...
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