Sobre el concepto de Constitución
Author | Ángela Figueruelo Burrieza |
Pages | 29-31 |
Page 29
La Constitución "es una forma más, la última, de las que la historia nos ofrece, de organización del poder" (PÉREZ ROYO, 2004). Cada sociedad estatal, al margen de su estructura social posee ciertas convicciones comúnmente compartidas y ciertas formas de conducta reconocidas que constituyen su "constitución" (BODINO, 1961; ARISTÓTELES, 1968). Dichas convicciones y formas de conducta representan los principios sobre los que se basa la relación entre los detentadores y los destinatarios del poder. Así las cosas, la historia del constitucionalismo se nos muestra como la búsqueda por el hombre político de las limitaciones al poder absoluto ejercido por los gobernantes (CROSSMAN, 1982), así como también el esfuerzo por establecer una justificación espiritual, moral o ética de la autoridad en lugar del sometimiento a ciegas a la autoridad existente. Esas aspiraciones se consiguen en la práctica cuando los destinatarios del poder (los gobernados) aprueban los controles sociales ejercidos por los gobernantes y con ello se asegura la participación de los dominados en el proceso político. Las limitaciones que se imponen al nudo poder se asegurarían mediante el acuerdo de la sociedad estatal sobre ciertas reglas fijas que deben regular el proceso político. Este objetivo sólo podía alcanzarse cuando el ejercicio del poder político estuviese distribuido entre diversos detentadores del poder, obligados a una cooperación, en lugar de monopolizar el ejercicio del dominio un detentador único.
Todos estos principios y normas fundamentales constituyen la constitución ontológica de la sociedad estatal que se nos puede presentar sin formalización expresa, arraigada en las convicciones de un pueblo, constitución material (MORTATI, 2000), o bien podrá estar contenida en un documento escrito, constitución formal. El objetivo de toda Constitución es crear las instituciones para controlar y limitar el poder político; por ello cada Constitución presenta un doble significado ideológico: liberar a los gobernados del control social absoluto de sus dominadores y asignarles una legítima participación en el proceso del poder político. En pro de la consecución de estos objetivos se tuvo que someter el ejercicio de dicho poder a determinadas reglas y procedimientos que debían ser respetadosPage 30 por los detentadores del poder. Basándonos en la historia, el constitucionalismo moderno resulta ser un producto de la ideología liberal burguesa (LOEWENSTEIN, 1982).
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- Primera parte
- Precedentes
- La Convención como alternativa a la conferencia diplomática en la reforma de los tratados
- Sobre el concepto de Constitución
- Los Principios inspiradores del constitucionalismo clásico
- En torno a la idea de estado y sus elementos
- La naturaleza jurídica de la Unión Europea
- Los caracteres de la soberanía del Estado ante el proceso de integración Europea
- Las relaciones entre el derecho comunitario y el derecho interno
- Modificaciones producidas en el sistema interno de fuentes del derecho por la adhesión a la Europa Unida
- El Ámbito de la jurisprudencia del TC en la resolución de conflictos entre el derecho comuntiario y el derecho interno
- Las relaciones entre el derecho constitucional y el derecho de la Unión Europea a partir de la entrada en vigor del tratado constitucional
- Recapitulación
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