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- L'Europa E i Diritti Dei Bambini
- Il Ruolo Dell’Italia Per la Protezione Dei Diritti Dei Bambini
Considerazioni conclusive
Author | Franco Frattini |
Pages | 235-236 |
Page 235
La normativa comunitaria, europea e internazionale nonché la legislazione italiana sulla protezione dei diritti dei minori, esaminate seguendo un ordine cronologico, ha posto in evidenza ombre e luci di sistemi giuridici differenti sebbene tra di loro correlati.
L’obbligatorietà di alcune norme comunitarie contrasta con l’obbligatorietà della normativa convenzionale che dipende solo dagli Stati quando gli stessi manifestano la loro volontà di esserne parte. Così il Consiglio d’Europa, le Nazioni Unite e l’OIL hanno adottato convenzioni e accordi non da tutti gli Stati firmati o ratificati.
Sotto quest’ultimo profilo, la tutela dei diritti umani, in particolare dei diritti dei minori non trova un’applicazione uniforme da parte degli Stati non solo a livello internazionale ma anche europeo/regionale nel cui ambito la vicinanza ed i comuni interessi dovrebbero facilitare il raggiungimento di obiettivi importanti quali quelli qui analizzati.
L’UE ha scelto di perseguire un percorso delicato, quello di prevenire e repri- mere i fenomeni esaminati che difficilmente possono essere disciplinati singolarmente per le continue interazioni che determinano, nei detti fenomeni, sempre nuove e complesse situazioni a danno dei minori-vittime.
Un percorso che ha prodotto norme innovative dettate dalla volontà di dare un segnale forte a coloro che dei fenomeni analizzati ne sono autori principali (vedi criminalità organizzata) ma soprattutto un invito, meglio un obbligo per gli Stati membri di attivarsi per regolamentare sul proprio territorio i differenti e diversi fenomeni con specifiche leggi.
Per il futuro, il percorso si presenta ancora tortuoso sotto il profilo normativo per la difficoltà di avere una disciplina efficace ed uniforme, alla cui attuale carenza corrisponde la mancanza di una giurisdizione internazionale ad hoc, sebbene la Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo di Strasburgo, operativa fin dal 1953 nel giudicare le violazioni dei diritti dei minori, ma non tutti i diritti dei minori, sia riservata ai soli 47 Stati membri del Consiglio d’Europa.
Page 236
La Corte di giustizia delle Comunità europee riserva la sua giurisdizione ai 27 Stati membri richiamandoli al rispetto dei diritti fondamentali in caso di violazione della normativa comunitaria senza avere ancora un’ampia competenza in materia (avrà un nuovo ruolo dopo l’entrata in vigore del Trattato di Lisbona).
Una Corte internazionale ad hoc, chiamata a giudicare le violazioni...
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