La doctrina del TJCE sobre las acciones de oro: Entre la construcción del Mercado interior y los retos de la intervención pública en los mercados globales. Reflexiones acerca de la STJCE de 26 de marzo de 2009 (TJCE 2009, 70), asunto c-326/07
| Date | 01 January 2010 |
| Author |
JURISPRUDENCIA
La doctrina del TJCE sobre las
acciones de oro: Entre la
construcción del Mercado
interior y los retos de la
intervención pública en los
mercados globales. Reflexiones
acerca de la STJCE de 26 de
marzo de 2009 (TJCE 2009, 70),
asunto c-326/07
ENDRIUS ELISEO COCCIOLO
Endrius Eliseo Cocciolo
Profesor Asociado Doctor de Derecho Administrativo.
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
CARLOS PADRÓS REIG
Carlos Padrós Reig
Profesor Titular de Derecho Administrativo.
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
«In a global economy, ownership of companies is the most
important way to have influence».
Kristin Halvorsen
Ministra de Finanzas de Noruega
RESUMEN ABSTRACT
A lo largo de casi una década, el TJCE, During nearly a decade, the ECJ, driven
bajo el impulso de la Comisión, ha ido en- by the European Commission, has con-
frentándose a los complejos problemas fronted complex issues generated by pu-
generados por la intervención pública de blic intervention of Member States in stra-
los EEMM en las empresas estratégicas tegic companies through the so called
a través de las llamadas golden shares. “golden shares”. The resulting jurispru-
La correspondiente doctrina jurispruden- dence –born in the historical context of
cial –elaborada a partir del contexto histó- the third phase of EMU and after years of
rico de la tercera fase de la UEM y des- massive privatizations– had the virtue of
pués de los años de las privatizaciones fostering free movement of capitals. Ho-
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E
NDRIUS
E
LISEO
C
OCCIOLO
/C
ARLOS
P
ADRÓS
R
EIG
masivas– tuvo el mérito de fomentar la li- wever, and despite the wording of article
bertad de circulación de capitales, sin 295 TEC, this approach eroded States’
embargo, castigó las aspiraciones de los aspirations of influencing private underta-
Gobiernos de seguir manteniendo alguna kings providing services of general inte-
influencia en las empresas de interés ge- rest. Today, European governments try to
neral, a pesar de las posibilidades ampa- recover lost ground intervening in global
radas por el art. 295 TCE. Hoy en día, los markets by several forms of corporate go-
Gobiernos intentan recuperar capacidad vernance in those firms. In the light of
de acción en los mercados globales me- challenges of new global economic law,
diante formulas de participación en las all forms of public intervention should be
empresas. Ante los desafíos del nuevo examined, and golden shares are stilla
derecho económico, deberían explorarse valid field of administrative experimenta-
todas las formas de intervención pública, tion. The recent ECJ judgement of26
y las golden shares siguen siendo un es- March 2009, might indicate an evolution
pacio especialmente versado a la experi- in respect to traditional Court case law
mentación. La reciente STJCE de 26 de about golden share. New arguments of
marzo de 2009, podría expresar un cam- ECJ judgement might overcome public in-
bio de ruta respecto a la doctrina tradicio- tervention analysis based only on a do-
nal sobre la acción de oro; los nuevos ar- mestic economic context and might offer
gumentos de esta sentencia podrían new tools for challenges posed by public
permitir superar el análisis de la interven- intervention in global markets.
ción en las empresas desde la óptica de
la economía doméstica para aproximarse
a los retos de la intervención pública en
los mercados globales.
Palabras clave: golden share; empresas de interés general; libertad de circulación de
capitales; libertad de establecimiento; intervención pública estratégica.
Keywords: golden shares; services of general economic interest; free movement of
capitals; freedom of establishment; strategic public intervention.
124
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JURISPRUDENCIA
SUMARIO
1. EL PROBLEMA DE LAS ACCIONES DE ORO Y «LA ARMONIZACIÓN JUDI-
CIAL»EN EL MARCO DEL MERCADO INTERIOR
2. LOS LÍMITES DE LA «DOCTRINA GOLDEN SHARE»Y LOS RETOS DE LA
INTERVENCIÓNPÚBLICA EN LOS MERCADOS GLOBALES
3. LOS INSTRUMENTOS DE PROTECCIÓN DE LAS EMPRESAS DE INTERÉS
GENERAL EN ITALIA
4. LA SENTENCIA DEL 26 DE MARZO DE 2009: ¿UN PUNTO DE INFLEXIÓN
EN LA DOCTRINA DEL TJCE?
5. CONCLUSIONES
125
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