Epílogo
Author | I. Blázquez Rodríguez / V. L. Gutiérrez Castillo |
Pages | 460-462 |
Page 460
Durante la década de los setenta comienza a gestarse un cambio fundamental en el tratamiento de la extranjería y el asilo en Europa. Las formas de gobierno autoritarias cuando no abiertamente dictatoriales que se sucedieron en numerosos países latinoamericanos, africanos y asiáticos, la multitud de conflictos armados originados en el tercer mundo en el contexto del enfrentamiento entre bloques, unidos al inicio de la globalización de las comunicaciones y los transportes han motivado un incremento importante de los desplazamientos hacia Europa de refugiados procedentes de países en vías de desarrollo o personas que se desplazan en busca de una vida mejor. A la vez, la disminución radical de la necesidad de mano de obra originada por la industrialización y la crisis del petróleo ha motivado que por los distintos gobiernos europeos se hayan puesto en marcha la adopción de medidas tendentes a reducir las migraciones con destino a Occidente. De esta forma, la solicitud de derecho de asilo se ha convertido en los países europeos, junto a las reagrupaciones de familiares de emigrantes anteriormente asentados, en el principal mecanismo de establecimiento de extranjeros en Europa.
El Mediterráneo es el mar de los emigrantes por excelencia. En torno a sus aguas se desarrolla hoy una de las mayores migraciones del planeta: desde Marruecos hasta Turquía, entre 10 y 15 millones de personas han abandonado sus países en busca de una vida mejor. La mayoría, entre 5,8 y 10,6 millones, se han establecido en la Unión Europea. Y hablamos solo de inmigrantes documentados. Las estimaciones sobre los extranjeros en situación irregular rondan los 3 millones, que habría que sumar a los anteriores. Esta situación se ha producido de forma rápida e inesperada a lo largo de la última década del siglo XX, y en concreto con una aceleración considerable a partir del año 2000.
Esta situación se hace especialmente evidente en nuestro país. España, por su situación geográfica y su desarrollo económico, es uno de los países del Sur de Europa que, habiendo sido emisor masivo de emigrantes hacia zonas más desarrolladas del continente, se ha convertido en un punto de entrada, paso y residencia de inmigrantes. Abordar el tema de las migraciones internacionales en el sentido más limitado del término, es decir como "cruce de frontera", constituye una cuestión de inevitable objeto de estudio en nuestros días. En este contexto las medidas de control de las fronteras...
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- Derecho de la Unión Europea sobre inmigración y asilo
- Abreviaturas
- Presentaciones
- Derecho Originario
- Epílogo
- Prólogo
- Entrada y cruce de fronteras
- Índice analítico
- Estudio y formación
- Normativa de referencia
- Bibliografía
- Jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea
- Reagrupación familiar
- Residencia e integración
- Inmigración irregular
- Nacionales de terceros países en situación privilegiada
- Asilo y refugio
- Declaraciones
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