Government Collaboration Model in Plastic Waste Management as an Effort to Protect Indonesia’s Marine Environment

• Pages: 19-29

LEX PORTUS VOL 11 ISS 3 2025

ISSN 2524-101X

eISSN 2617-541X

DOI 10.62821/lp11302

Government Collaboration Model

in Plastic Waste Management as an Eort

to Protect Indonesia’s Marine Environment

Ria Tri Vinata*, Masitha Tismananda Kumala**

*Law Faculty, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University (Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No. 54, Surabaya, Indonesia) https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4711-5569

**Law Faculty, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University (Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No. 54, Indonesia) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-2193

ABSTRACT

Plastic waste in the ocean is a global problem that has a serious impact on the sustainability

of marine ecosystems. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country with a dominant sea area, faces

major challenges in managing marine plastic waste, which is mostly sourced from land and

shipping activities. This study aims to analyze the government’s collaboration model in the

management of marine plastic waste as part of Indonesia’s marine environmental protection

eorts, with an emphasis on the construction of national laws and forms of international

cooperation. This research uses a descriptive and explanatory approach through the study of

documents on regulations such as Law No. 32 of 2014 concerning Marine Aairs, Law No. 17 of

2008 concerning Shipping, Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2018, and international cooperation

documents. The results of the study show that the government’s collaboration model is legal-

formal, regulatory-based, and institutionally structured. This collaboration includes multi-

level coordination between central and local governments and sectoral ministries, as well as

the involvement of non-governmental actors and international organizations such as NPAP,

MARPOL Annex V, and UNEA. This model diers from the conceptual collaborative approach

because it prioritizes policy synergy through a binding and implementable legal framework. The

study concludes that the Indonesian government’s collaborative model has strong potential to

achieve the target of reducing 70 % of marine plastic waste by 2025 and can be replicated by

other archipelagic countries facing similar challenges.

CITATION

Vinata R. T., & Kumala M. T. (2025).

Government Collaboration Model

in Plastic Waste Management as an

Eort to Protect Indonesia’s Marine

Environment. Lex Portus, 11(3),

25–35. https://doi.org/10.62821/

lp11302

KEYWORDS

marine plastic waste, government

collaboration, national policy,

international cooperation,

Indonesia

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International License

Background

The problem of plastic garbage is not only from the mainland. Plastic waste in the sea

also poses a problem because it can disrupt the food chain and kill marine life. Rising plastic

pollution levels are a serious global environmental problem that negatively impacts various

dimensions. Suppose the problem is not addressed in a meaningful way. In that case,

projections from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) show that the amount of

plastic entering aquatic ecosystems could almost triple by 2040 to 23–37 million tons (Ministry

of Environment, 2024). If there are no meaningful actions in business-as-usual scenarios and

without the necessary intervention, then according to UNEP. The amount of plastic waste

entering the aquatic ecosystem can increase almost threefold, from around 9–14 million tons

per year in 2016 to 23–37 million tons per year by 2040 (Lincoln et al., 2022).

The International Coastal Cleanup reported that in 2019, a total of 97,457,984 types of

waste, weighing 10,584,041 kilograms, were found in the sea (Ocean Conservancy, 2019). Nine

of the top 10 types of waste they found came from plastic materials, such as straws and stirrers,

plastic cutlery, plastic drinking bottles, plastic cups, and bags. The Secretariat of the United

Nations Convention on Biological Diversity said that the results of a 2016 study conrmed

that plastic waste threatens at least 800 species, 40 percent of which are marine mammals and

44percent of seabird species (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2016).