Guidance on particular profiles with regard to qualification for refugee status

• Author: European Asylum Support Office (EU body or agency)
• Pages: 17-31

Guidance note | Iraq

January 2021

17

Guidance on particular profiles with regard to qualification for

refugee status

This section refers to some of the profiles of Iraqi applicants, encountered in the caseload of EU

Member States. It provides general conclusions on the prof iles and guidance regarding additional

circumstances to take into account in the individual assessment. Some profiles are further split in

sub-profiles, with different conclusions with regard to the risk analysis and/or nexus to a reason for

persecution. The corresponding number of the profile and a link to the respective section in the

common analysis are always provided for ease of reference.

The conclusions regarding each profile should be viewed without prejudice to the credibility

assessment of the applicant’s claims.

When reading the table below, the following should be borne in mind:

 An individual applicant could fall under more than one profile included in this guidance

note. The protection needs associated with all such circum stances should be fully examined.

 The risk analysis paragraphs focus on the level of risk and some of the relevant risk-

impacting circumstances. Further guidance with regard to the qualification of the acts as

persecution is available within the respective sections of the common analysis.

 The table below summarises the conclusions with regard to different profiles and sub-

profiles and aims at providing a practical tool to case officers. While examples are provided

with regard to sub-profiles at differentiated risk and circumstances which may increase or

decrease the risk, these examples are non-exhaustive and to be taken into account in light

of all circumstances in the individual case.

 Persons who belonged to a certain profile in the past or family members of an individual

falling under a certain profile may have protection needs similarly to those outlined for the

respective profile. This is not explicitly mentioned in the table below, however, it should be

taken into account in the individual assessment.

 The potential nexus paragraphs indicate a possible connection to the reasons for

persecution according to Article 10 QD. The common analysis sections provide further

guidance whether a nexus to a reason for persecution would in general be substantiated or

may be substantiated depending on the individual circumsta nces in the case.

 For some profiles, the connection may also be between the absence of protection against

persecution and one or more of the reasons under Article 10 QD (Article 9(3) QD).

2.1. Persons

perceived to be

associated with

ISIL

Risk analysis: Well-founded fear of persecution would in general be

substantiated.

Potential nexus: (imputed) political opinion.

* Exclusion considerations could be relevant to this profile.