La industria del biogás y el biometano en la Unión Europea y en España
| Author | Marta Pardo Miranda |
| Profession | Doctora en Derecho Universidad de Almería |
| Pages | 57-68 |
CAPÍTULO IV
LA INDUSTRIA DEL BIOGÁS Y EL BIOMETANO
EN LA UNIÓN EUROPEA
Y EN ESPAÑA
Marta PaRdo MiRanda
Doctora en Derecho
Universidad de Almería
SUMARIO: 1. CONSIDERACIONES PREVIAS.—2. LA INDUSTRIA DEL BIOMETANO EN LA UNIÓN EUROPEA.—3. LA
INDUSTRIA DEL BIOMETANO EN ESPAÑA.—3.1. Plantas de biometano en explotación.—3.2. Plantas de biometano
en construcción y proyección.—4. CONFLICTOS EN TORNO A LAS INSTALACIONES DE BIOMETANO.—5. CONCLU-
SIONES.—6.BIBLIOGRAFÍA Y OTRAS FUENTES.
1. CONSIDERACIONES PREVIAS
El biometano es un combustible verde y limpio que se obtiene a partir del bio-
gás. El biogás se produce a partir de la descomposición anaeróbica de la materia
orgánica presente en los residuos urbanos, aguas residuales y residuos agrícolas,
ganaderos y forestales. Para generar biometano se somete este biogás a un proceso
denominado upgrading. Es un proceso de eliminación de distintos componentes
como el CO2, que además se puede aprovechar para la obtención de gas natural
sintético. El biometano obtenido se puede inyectar en la red de gasoductos para su
uso vehicular.
Este combustible puede desempeñar un papel importante en el cumplimiento
del objetivo de reducción de gases de efecto invernadero (en adelante, GEI) para
2030 de la Unión Europea (UE) y el logro de emisiones netas cero para 2050. La Co-
misión Europea estableció un objetivo de 35.000 millones de metros cúbicos (bcm)
de producción anual de biometano para 2030 en su reciente plan REPowerEU 1. En
la actualidad, en la UE-27 se producen 3 bcm de biometano y 15 bcm de biogás.
1 REPowerEU: Plan para reducir rápidamente la dependencia con respecto a los combustibles
fósiles rusos y avanzar con rapidez en la transición ecológica, Bruselas, 18 de mayo de 2022.
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