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- El Recurso de Casación Ante el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas
Introducción
Author | Jorge Nieva Fenoll |
Profession | Doctor en Derecho |
Sin temor a equivocarnos, podemos decir que el hito más importante en la historia del Derecho Procesal de las Comunidades Europeas es la introducción del recurso de casación. Constituye una cuestión de madurez legislativa el hecho de que un sistema jurídico disponga recursos contra sus resoluciones jurisdiccionales, y en este sentido las Comunidades Europeas, la Unión Europea, han introducido el más brillante, el más elaborado de todos ellos. Como reconoce el Profesor Serra Domínguez, el recurso de casación «constituye una magnífica y sofisticada obra de ingeniería jurídica (...)»(1).
Sin embargo, el recurso que se ha concebido no se adhiere claramente a ninguno de los modelos de Casación existentes en Europa. Podría estimarse que sigue el sistema francés, pero ello sólo sería cierto en parte, dado que la Revisión alemana también ha tenido una influencia tan importante como la francesa. Cuestiones puntuales han sido incorporadas del resto de sistemas, en este sentido secundarios. No obstante, el recurso de casación que daremos en llamar «comunitario» por la claridad del adjetivo, tiene sustantividad propia. Es ciertamente un híbrido de los recursos mentados, pero cabría preguntarse qué institución jurídica no constituye una acumulación de características extraídas de los diversos institutos que el Derecho conoce. Ni siquiera la Casación, como veremos, constituye una excepción real en este sentido. La Casación es inédita en cuanto a la expresión de la función que desempeña, pero no lo es completamente con respecto a su estructura. Siempre podrían hallarse influencias aquí y allá, que sin ser antecedentes inmediatos de la venerable Institución, sí se hallaban en el subconsciente jurídico de aquellos que la crearon.
No queremos que esta introducción constituya una «Oda a la Casación», por otro lado innecesaria, habida cuenta el ya alcanzado prestigio del Instituto. Sencillamente queremos introducir al lector, valga la redundancia, en lo que va a ser nuestro estudio sobre el particular.
En primer lugar va a desarrollarse un relato de la historia de la Institución. No queremos sustituir con ello los efectuados de manera exhaustiva por otros autores, sino que bien al contrario, por no ser objeto principal de nuestro estudio, preferiremos remitirnos a las mejores indagaciones históricas que acerca de la casación se han realizado en la doctrina(2).
Seguidamente se entrará en el análisis de los modelos de la Casación francés y germánico, como principales inspiradores de la Casación comunitaria. Fuera de lugar se halla un estudio completo sobre ambos modelos, irrelevante totalmente para el recurso de casación que nos ocupa. Por ello, partiendo de ese completo estudio que habíamos realizado en una fase previa del trabajo, hemos considerado más oportuno reducir el tratamiento a las cuestiones con relevancia para la Casación ante el Tribunal de Justicia, haciendo referencia a otros temas que nada tienen que ver con ella con el exclusivo objeto de que la explicación fuera inteligible, y no diera excesivos saltos...
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- El recurso de casación ante el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas
- Prólogo
- Rasgos característicos de la casación en los países integrantes de las comunidades europeas
- Agradecimientos
- Los procesos ante el tribunal de justicia de las comunidades europeas
- Abreviaturas mas utilizadas
- Formación, naturaleza jurídica, y fines de la casación comunitaria
- Resoluciones recurribles en casación
- Introducción
- Legitimación para recurrir
- Motivos de casación
- Procedimiento de la casación
- Efectos de la resolución dictada en casación
- Recursos de casación especiales
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