Introducción
Author | Oscar Celador Angón |
Pages | 13-17 |
Page 13
El proceso económico, social y cultural, inherente al fenómeno de la globalización, y la creciente interdependencia entre los distintos países del mundo, ha obligado a los estudiosos del Derecho en general, y a los del Derecho público en particular, a centrar parte de su atención en la comparación de los sistemas jurídicos. Esta necesidad es aun mayor por lo que respecta al estudio de los ordenamientos jurídicos de los países miembros de la Unión Europea, cuyo sistema se basa en las tradiciones constitucionales comunes a los Estados miembros. El estudio comparado de los ordenamientos jurídicos europeos es, además, imprescindible para poder comprender nuestro propio Derecho nacional, pues, en palabras de Rubio Llorente "esas tradiciones comunes son ya fuente del Derecho interno. Esta conciencia de unidad, de existencia de lo que Haberle llama «Derecho constitucional común europeo», ha puesto en marcha un buen número de ambiciosos proyectos de estudios «transnacionales» con la colaboración de constitucionalistas de diversos países"1.
Sin lugar a dudas, el derecho de libertad de conciencia es uno de los terrenos donde los estudios sobre el Derecho constitucional común europeo son cada vez más necesarios, ya que en sólo unas décadas Europa ha modificado de forma radical sus estructuras. Este cambio, si bien comenzó a gestarse en la Europa de la Postguerra, está siendo cada vez más acusado debido a diversos factores, entre los que destacan: el fenómeno migratorio, la profunda secularización ideológica y religiosa que ha experimentado la sociedad europea, y el pluralismo ideológico y religioso inherente al pleno disfrute de las libertades públicas.
Page 14
Este proceso se aprecia en el hecho de que el bien jurídico protegido por el Convenio Europeo para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales (CEDH), firmado en Roma el 4 de noviembre de 1950, sea el derecho a la libertad de pensamiento, de conciencia y de religión, incluyendo dentro de su contenido la libertad para cambiar de religión o de convicciones, así como para manifestar las mismas individual o colectivamente (en público o en privado), mediante el culto, la enseñanza, la práctica o la observancia de los ritos. De esta manera, el primer documento netamente europeo, dirigido a la protección de los derechos y libertades fundamentales, optó por amparar la libertad de creencias y convicciones dentro del concepto genérico de libertad de pensamiento o...
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- Libertad de conciencia y Europa
- Introducción
- El artículo 6 del Tratado de la Unión Europea
- Libertad de pensamiento, de conciencia y de religión en la Jurisprudencia del TEDH
- Laicidad en la Jurisprudencia del TEDH: neutralidad ideológica y religiosa de los poderes públicos, y separación entre el estado y las confesiones religiosas
- Conclusiones
- Bibliografía
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