Introducción
Pages | 33-36 |
Page 33
Dieciocho de los veintisiete países de la Unión Europea (UE) ratificaron la Constitución Europea, dos de ellos, España y Luxemburgo, mediante un referéndum, lo que supone que dos tercios de los integrantes de la UE respaldaron un texto al que se opusieron Francia y Holanda que, por el momento, son los dos únicos que, en sendas consultas populares, han expresado su rechazo al documento. Esta es la evolución del proceso de ratificación del tratado europeo desde el 11 de noviembre de 2004 hasta el 1 de enero de 2007, cuyos datos evidencian que el apoyo es claro. Incluso si tomamos como referencia el total de votos sobre el texto obtenido en los referenda en España, Francia, Holanda y Luxemburgo, la diferencia entre quienes lo apoyaron y lo rechazaron es de casi cuatro millones de personas que eligieron la primera opción. Sin embargo y pese a esta abrumadora mayoría que se posiciona a favor del texto, da la impresión de que el proceso de ratificación ha fracasado, cuando faltan además por pronunciarse otros siete países. También está claro que durante las campañas previas a los referenda, el sentido del voto de los ciudadanos estuvo determinado por los debates nacionales sobre Europa que fueron además la causa y la consecuencia de que la opinión pública tradujera sus decisiones y percepciones sobre la Unión en clave nacional y no europea.
Esto fue lo que ocurrió en gran parte de los actos públicos y espacios mediáticos previos a la celebración de los referenda en España, Francia, Holanda y Luxemburgo, al margen de losPage 34 dieciséis países que ratificaron la Constitución Europea en sus respectivos parlamentos. En el caso español, que aprobó el texto motivado fundamentalmente porque sabe que a España le beneficia estar en Europa, destacaron los temas relativos al lema utilizado por el Gobierno "los primeros con Europa" en la propaganda institucional, que la Junta Electoral Central le instó a retirar por no ser neutral; la polémica sobre la reforma de la Constitución Española para adaptarla al tratado de la Unión, que concluyó con que no era necesario modificarla; las negociaciones que mantuvo el Gobierno con los grupos minoritarios sobre el reconocimiento de las lenguas en la Unión o los presupuestos Generales del Estado para recabar apoyos al texto; y asuntos como la unidad de España, el plan ibarretxe o las prisas del Ejecutivo por celebrar la consulta formaron parte de muchos mítines políticos y ocuparon infinidad de tiempos y...
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- Europa busca modelo
- Agradecimientos
- Prólogo. El rescate sustantivo del tratado constitucional europeo
- Introducción
- El 'si' a la constitución europea en los parlamentos nacionales y en las urnas
- La ausencia de opinión pública europea
- El debate nacional sobre europa en la campaña de los referenda
- El referéndum español I. El contexto político
- El referéndum español II. Las negociaciones con los grupos minoritarios
- El referéndum español III. La campaña electoral
- El referéndum español III. El 20-F
- El referéndum francés
- El referéndum holandés
- El referéndum en Luxemburgo
- Nueva agenda política para los ciudadanos europeos tras un año de reflexión
- Alemania retoma la cuestión constitucional con la intención de reanimarla y de relanzar la unidad de Europa
- La europa política de los amigos de la constitución pasa por un acuerdo de máximos
- La constitución europea, ¿un modelo para europa?
- Conclusiones
- Bibliografía
- Epílogo. El referéndum de la constitución europea y los medios de comunicación
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