Language tools in political discourse

AuthorÇeljeta Nikolla
PositionUniversity of Tirana
Pages120-126
Vol. 2 No. 1
January, 2018
European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences
IIPCCL Publishing, Graz-Austria
ISSN 2519-1284
Acces online at www.iipccl.org
120
Language tools in political discourse
Çeljeta Nikolla
University of Tirana
Abstract
In this article we will address some language tools used in political discourse. Given the
earlystudies ofthe politicalnotion oldrhetoricians likeAristotle ndsthat thereare three
factors: Ethos, Pathos and Logos used by politicians in political discourse. Firstly, we will
alsobase ourselvesonBurkhardtstechniquesand hisanalysisof thisstudyWeexplainthe
objectofpolitical discourseandaboveall thedierencebetween speech and discourse, where
we accept the use of the term discourse as the most globalized one. Secondly, we distinguish
three main areas of discourse: a) the use of language, b) the communication of knowledge, c)
the interference in certain situations. Thirdly, among the most commonly used linguistic tools
in the political discourse are the rhythm, repetition, phonemic variation, morphs, locutions,
stylisticgures indirectlymannerwith ellipsestropesdialogue narrationthe useofrst
person singular in us, which is also known as phenomenon called “nosismi”Oneofthemain
language tools are the phrasemes and phraseoterms on which our article is based, binary
concepts, constructions like “usthem”. Finally, the use of metaphors and modal verbs
illustrated in the discourses of Albanian and English politicians.
Keywords: Discourse, nosism, phrasemes, phraseoterms, binary concepts.
Introduction
ThewordpoliticsderivesfromtheGreekwordmeaningPolitikaThe
word in Greek comes from pólis, state city” or “multiple congregation”. It was modeled
in Politics according to Aristotle’s work by this name (4th century BC) devoted to the
administration of the polis and its governing.
Politics is a process by which politicians make collective decisions. This term is
generally applied for the behavior within civil governments. Also, it has to do
with the involvement of other groups such as corporations, academic and religious
institutions.
Themeaning ofpoliticswould deepenaer thecomingup oftwo mainstudiesby
Aristotle and Machiavelli thatemphasizedthequalitiesthatpoliticsshouldhaveas
such: ethics and moral on one hand, and hegemony violence on the other. All this can
be summed up in Machiavelli’s words (Machiavelli): “Governing means, making others
believe in you”.
Thus, in order to succeed in conveying the thought to a social group, the politician
has to use “violence” to communicate. This mutual connection was noted by the
scholars, who founded one of the earliest disciplines named rhetoric, which has since
its early beginnings taken on the aspect of political communication in ancient times
(Holly, 1990, 6-8).
The main purpose of rhetoric was to educate the ability to discover in every argument

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