La naturaleza jurídica de la Unión Europea
Author | Ángela Figueruelo Burrieza |
Pages | 44-49 |
Page 44
El Tratado de Maastricht de 1992 creó la Unión Europea. Desde ese momento la doctrina ha tratado de definir a esta organización sin que se haya llegado a una opinión pacífica después de que hayan corrido ríos de tinta; la Unión Europea es un concepto político, no jurídico porque hasta la fecha ha carecido de personalidad jurídica. (Este tema se pretende resolver en el art. I-7 del Tratado por el que se establece una Constitución para Europa). El avance que políticamente se produjo con los Tratados de Maastricht y de Amsterdam, y con la moneda única no ha encontrado todavía su traducción jurídica; ésta se obtendrá -y es uno de los objetivos del Tratado Constitucional- cuando la Unión Europea sea constituida, para lo que será imprescindible la creación más la adquisición de personalidad jurídica. De momento ha prevalecido la integración económica seguida de la integración política. Esta va más avanzada, en nuestra opinión, que la integración constitucional (PÉREZ ROYO, 2004). Las relaciones entre el Derecho de los Estados miembros y el derecho Comunitario, hasta el momento, se realizan en el marco establecido en los Tratados originarios de las Comunidades Europeas y en particular en elPage 45 Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea. Probablemente cuando entre en vigor el actual Tratado Constitucional se haya logrado el grado de madurez política suficiente para que el proceso de integración pueda expresarse jurídicamente como Unión Europea.
Pero, lo que al parecer no se duda es que la Unión Europea es un actor internacional. Por ello la doctrina se esfuerza en encajar a este ente en una de las categorías de actores internacionales existentes. Aunque hay quien lo discute, lo cierto es que la Unión Europea se corresponde con una organización internacional aunque tiene peculiaridades propias. Creemos que estas peculiaridades no llegan al extremo de hacer imposible su caracterización como una organización internacional. Superando las dificultades para conocer cuando nos hallamos ante una organización internacional se opta por una definición que se construye en base a una serie de elementos:
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un Tratado internacional como elemento constitutivo.
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una estructura institucional propia y permanente.
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una voluntad autónoma.
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gestión de un interés común a los Estados miembros.
No todos estos elementos se aprecian con la misma claridad en el caso de la Unión Europea. Veamos:
Es cierto que se ha creado mediante un Tratado Internacional...
To continue reading
Request your trial- Luces y sombras del Tratado Constitucional Europeo
- Primera parte
- Precedentes
- La Convención como alternativa a la conferencia diplomática en la reforma de los tratados
- Sobre el concepto de Constitución
- Los Principios inspiradores del constitucionalismo clásico
- En torno a la idea de estado y sus elementos
- La naturaleza jurídica de la Unión Europea
- Los caracteres de la soberanía del Estado ante el proceso de integración Europea
- Las relaciones entre el derecho comunitario y el derecho interno
- Modificaciones producidas en el sistema interno de fuentes del derecho por la adhesión a la Europa Unida
- El Ámbito de la jurisprudencia del TC en la resolución de conflictos entre el derecho comuntiario y el derecho interno
- Las relaciones entre el derecho constitucional y el derecho de la Unión Europea a partir de la entrada en vigor del tratado constitucional
- Recapitulación
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