Una, ninguna y cien mil: las oportunidades para el diálogo entre parlamento catalán y tribunal constitucional. Comentario a la decisión del Tribunal Europeo De Derechos Humanos, 11 de febrero de 2025, Costa i Rosselló y otros C. España, recurso n.º 29780/20
| Pages | 117-138 |
| Date | 01 October 2025 |
| Published date | 01 October 2025 |
| Author | Samuele Gherardi |
| Subject Matter | Derecho Público y Administrativo |
Revista Española de Derecho Europeo
96 | Octubre – Diciembre 2025
pp. 117-138
Madrid, 2026
DOI:10.37417/REDE/num96_2025_3188
© Marcial Pons Ediciones Jurídicas y Sociales
© Samuele Gherardi
ISSN: 1579-6302
Recibido: 20/11/2026 | Aceptado: 16/12/2025
UNA, NINGUNA Y CIEN MIL: LAS OPORTUNIDADES
PARA EL DIÁLOGO ENTRE PARLAMENTO CATALÁN
Y TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL. COMENTARIO
A LA DECISIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO DE
DERECHOS HUMANOS, 11 DE FEBRERO DE 2025,
COSTA I ROSSELLÓ Y OTROS C. ESPAÑA,
RECURSO N.º 29780/20
ONE, NONE, AND A HUNDRED THOUSAND: OPPORTUNITIES
FOR DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE CATALAN PARLIAMENT
AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT. COMMENTARY
ON THE DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS,
FEBRUARY 11, 2025, COSTA I ROSSELLÓ AND OTHERS V. SPAIN,
APPEAL NO. 29780/20
Samuele Gherardi*
RESUMEN: La resolución objeto de este análisis se enmarca en el complicado con-
texto dialógico y a menudo conictivo entablado entre las autoridades nacionales
españolas y las autonómicas catalanas. La controversia de derecho interno ema-
na de la voluntad constituyente maniestada por el Parlamento catalán y de la
impugnación de las correspondientes disposiciones autonómicas por parte del
Gobierno de la nación, posteriormente anuladas por el Tribunal Constitucional.
* Profesor de Derecho Constitucional en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Este trabajo es parte de las actividades del Progetto di Ricerca «Emarginazione del
Parlamento e crisi della democrazia rappresentativa», nanciado por la Università
degli studi di Catania (Piano di incentivi per la ricerca di Ateneo 2020-2022 - linea di
intervento 3). ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-2182
118 SAMUELE GHERARDI
Revista Española de Derecho Europeo 95 | Julio – Septiembre 2025
Dicho escenario derivó, por un lado, en la suspensión de los proyectos de reso-
lución del Parlamento catalán y en la nulidad de los efectos de sus acuerdos y,
por otro, la noticación a los miembros de la Mesa parlamentaria catalana de las
posibles responsabilidades (incluso penales) que se derivan del incumplimiento
de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional. El Alto Tribunal, además, puso
de maniesto que determinadas acciones emprendidas por estos órganos no esta-
ban protegidas por la inmunidad parlamentaria. Ello condujo a los recurrentes,
acusados entretanto por hechos penalmente relevantes a presentar una serie de
recursos ante el TEDH por la presunta violación de varios derechos garantizados
por el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, a saber, la libertad de expresión
(art.10 del Convenio), el derecho de reunión (art.11), el derecho a elecciones
libres (art.3, Protocolo 1) y la prohibición de la discriminación (art.1, Protocolo
12).
PALABRAS CLAVE: Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos; convenio; libertad
de expresión; derecho de reunión; derecho a elecciones libres; prohibición de
discriminación.
ABSTRACT: The resolution that this paper seeks to analyze is part of the complica-
ted and often conictive dialogue that has arisen between the Spanish national
authorities and the Catalan regional authorities. The domestic legal controversy
stems from the Catalan Parliament’s manifest constitutional will and the Spanish
Government’s challenge to the corresponding regional provisions, which were
subsequently censured by the Constitutional Court. This has led, on the one hand,
to the suspension of the Catalan Parliament’s draft resolutions and the declaration
of nullity of the effects of the agreements adopted by it and, on the other hand, to
the notication to the members of the Catalan Parliamentary Bureau of the possi-
ble liabilities (including criminal) arising from non-compliance with the case law
of the Constitutional Court, which has made it clear that certain actions taken by
them were not protected by parliamentary immunity, has led them, accused in the
meantime of criminally relevant acts, to le a series of appeals before the ECHR
for the alleged violation of several rights guaranteed by the European Convention
on Human Rights, namely freedom of expression (Article 10 of the Convention),
the right of assembly (Article 11), the right to free elections (Article 3, Protocol 1)
and the prohibition of discrimination (Article 1, Protocol 12).
KEYWORDS: European Court of Human Rights; convention; freedom of expression;
right of assembly; right to free elections; prohibition of discrimination.
SUMARIO: 1. ANTECEDENTES DE HECHO.— 2. PRESENTACIÓN DE LOS RE-
CURSOS ANTE EL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS. ALE-
GACIONES DE LOS RECURRENTES Y DEL GOBIERNO. — 3. LA PARTE DIS-
POSITIVA DE LA DECISIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL: 3.1. Aplicabilidad del art. 3 del
Protocolo n.º 1 del Convenio; 3.2. Denuncias restantes.— 4. ALGUNAS CONSI-
DERACIONES CRÍTICAS.
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