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El Parlamento Europeo
Author | Sánchez Marín, Ángel-Luis |
Profession | Doctor en Derecho. Profesor Asociado de Derecho Internacional Público |
Pages | 37-40 |
Page 37
El Parlamento Europeo, compuesto por representantes de los pueblos de los Estados reunidos en la Comunidad, ejercerá las competencias que le atribuye el TCE y que después señalaremos. Tiene su sede en Estrasburgo.
Su número actual es de 626 miembros y cuando la Unión Europea esté constituida por 27 Estados sus representantes no excederán de 732 (art. 2, 17 del Tratado de Niza).
Los representantes en el Parlamento Europeo serán elegidos por sufragio universal directo. España cuenta actualmente con un número de 64 eurodiputados y, cuando se produzca, la esperada ampliación contará con 50.
Los representantes serán elegidos por un período de cinco años y el Parlamento Europeo debe elaborar un proyecto electoral encaminado a hacer posible su elección por igual en todos los Estados miembros aunque, mientras esto no ocurra, cada Estado celebrará las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de acuerdo a lo que dispongan sus normas electorales internas. En general, el derecho de sufragio activo y pasivo corresponde a los nacionales de los Estados miembros y también a los ciudadanos de la Unión que residan legalmente en otro Estado miembro. En cuanto a la circunscripción electoral, en la mayoría de los Estados miembros, ésta es única para todo el territorio nacional y el sistema electoral es el de representación proporcional aunque, en unos países, en la variante D'Hondt y, en otros, la fórmula Hare-Niemeyer (Alemania), u otras.
Le corresponde al Parlamento Europeo establecer el estatuto y las condiciones generales de ejercicio de las funciones de sus miembros, previo dictamen de la Comisión y con la aprobación del Consejo por mayoría cualificada. Toda norma o condición relativas al régimen fiscal de los miembros o de los antiguos miembros se decidirán en el Consejo por unanimidad (art. 2, 18 del Tratado de Niza).
En cuanto a los partidos políticos, nos dice el TCE, que constituyen un importante factor para la integración en la Unión. Dichos partidos contribuyen a la formación de la conciencia europea y a expresar la voluntad política de los ciudadanos de la Unión. El Consejo, de conformidad con el procedimiento de codecisión, establecerá el estatuto de los partidos políticos a escala europea, y en particular las normas relativas a su financiación (art. 191 del TCE).
En relación a su organización interna, el Parlamento Europeo designará de entre sus miembros al Presidente y a la Mesa. Cada año celebrará un período de sesiones y se reunirá sin necesidad de previa convocatoria el segundo martes de marzo. También podrá reunirse en período extraordinario de sesiones a petición de la mayoría de sus miembros, del Consejo o...
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