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- Le Renouvellement Institutionnel Du Service Public Par Le Droit Communautaire
Conclusion de la deuxième partie La naissance d'un droit spécifique des réseaux
Pages | 591-592 |
Page 591
Qu'il s'agisse d'établir des règles de fonctionnement, de faire jouer la concurrence ou de prévoir un cadre de financement, droits nationaux et droit communautaire se rejoignent pour reconnaître au régime des services publics, et singulièrement à celui des services publics de réseau, un caractère, sinon exorbitant, du moins dérogatoire du droit commun.
Certains estimeront qu'une telle situation spécifique n'est pas justifiée et devrait être remise en cause, soit pour privilégier la logique unificatrice du marché intérieur et le principe de l'égalité des acteurs sur ce marché ; soit, au contraire, pour transformer l'exception en principe et accorder aux activités de service public un statut à part entière au sein du traité CE, au même titre que le statut de la libre concurrence ou du libre échange.
Une troisième voie pourrait être privilégiée, qui conduirait à l'affirmation d'un droit communautaire autonome des activités de réseau. Une telle évolution correspondrait d'ailleurs au phénomène d'affirmation progressive d'un droit public des réseaux sur le plan national 1246. Un tel droit, qui puise ses sources à la fois dans le droit de la concurrence, l'harmonisation des législations sectorielles et certaines politiques d'accompagnement (protection de l'environnement, protection des consommateurs, développement des réseaux transeuropéens, etc.), présenterait trois caractéristiques majeures 1247 : il s'agirait à la fois d'un droit conflictuel, parce que basé sur des compromis et des équilibres entre des références le plus souvent contradictoires ; d'un droit évolutif, parce que lié à l'évolution économique et technologique ; et enfin, d'un droit non uniforme, en ce sens que « tel ou tel aspect de ce droit a pu être particulièrement élaboré dans le cadre d'un secteur donné, sans l'avoir été dans un autre », l'exemple de la doctrine du service universel en fournissant l'illustration la plus évidente. Page 592
La consolidation d'un droit européen des réseaux présenterait comme avantage de dépasser l'opposition souvent latente au niveau communautaire entre réglementation et concurrence, ou entre harmonisation et libéralisation. Ce faisant, le terme de...
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Request your trial- La nouvelle régulation des services publics en Europe
- Le renouvellement institutionnel du service public par le Droit communautaire
- Le renouvellement institutionnel du service public par le droit communautaire
- Le développement du concept du service public en Europe
- La nouvelle dimension constitutionnelle du service public
- La notion de service public comme critère du droit administratif ?
- La « neutralisation » du mode de gestion dans la définition du service public
- Un nouveau cadre institutionnel de régulation des services publics
- L'émergence d'un cadre communautaire de régulation du service public
- L'évolution du cadre national de la régulation sous l'influence du droit communautaire
- Conclusion de la deuxième partie La naissance d'un droit spécifique des réseaux
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