Precedentes
Author | Ángela Figueruelo Burrieza |
Pages | 19-24 |
Page 19
Fue la Declaración Schuman, que inspiró los Tratados Constitutivos de las Comunidades Europeas, la que elaboró un proceso de integración permanentemente abierto. El proceso se abre hacia fuera para permitir la incorporación progresiva de los Estados de Europa que así lo deseen y que cumplan una serie de requisitos y condiciones imprescindibles para ello. Así, partiendo de los seis Estados fundadores (Alemania, Francia, Italia, Bélgica, Países Bajos y Luxemburgo) se fue ampliando sucesivamente al irse incorporando el Reino Unido, Dinamarca, Irlanda, Grecia, España, Portugal, Austria, Suecia y Finlandia. El proceso está, además, abierto hacia dentro en un intento continuado de profundización (A. MANGAS, 2002). Esto hace muy difícil la calificación jurídica de la naturaleza del proceso de integración resultante. Prácticamente todas las reformas importantes sufridas por los Tratados constitutivos han ido enfocadas a conseguir un mayor desarrollo e intensificación del proceso de construcción europea en cuanto organización internacional de carácter supranacional (URREA, 2003). Todas las ampliaciones sufridas por esta organización supranacional han originado un falso debate en torno a los dos aspectos de la apertura del proceso: profundización o ampliación. En realidad no se deben plantear como una disyuntiva sino como objetivos que se pueden alcanzar de forma conse-Page 20cutiva. Pero, las sucesivas ampliaciones han acarreado una serie de problemas sobre todo para las Instituciones que participan en el proceso de decisión. Esas instituciones que fueron pensadas para una Comunidad de seis Estados han visto como sus estructuras y sus problemas se resentían y agravaban respectivamente en la medida en que se ampliaba el número de Estados miembros (A. MANGAS, 2005).
A dar solución a esos problemas se dirigieron algunas de las reformas más importantes como es el caso del Acta Única Europea y el Tratado de la Unión Europea. También la reforma del Tratado de Amsterdam y la reforma que abordó el Tratado de Niza. En medio de todas estas reformas se han dejado oír voces y opiniones reclamando la apertura de un auténtico debate constitucional (M. OREJA, 2002).
La idea más reciente sobre este asunto data del año 1989 y procede del seno del Parlamento Europeo y de su Comisión de Asuntos Institucionales. Entre los años 1993 y 1994 fueron preparados sobre este tema tres borradores de Constitución: el informe Oreja de 1993 y los dos informes Hermann de...
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Request your trial- Luces y sombras del Tratado Constitucional Europeo
- Primera parte
- Precedentes
- La Convención como alternativa a la conferencia diplomática en la reforma de los tratados
- Sobre el concepto de Constitución
- Los Principios inspiradores del constitucionalismo clásico
- En torno a la idea de estado y sus elementos
- La naturaleza jurídica de la Unión Europea
- Los caracteres de la soberanía del Estado ante el proceso de integración Europea
- Las relaciones entre el derecho comunitario y el derecho interno
- Modificaciones producidas en el sistema interno de fuentes del derecho por la adhesión a la Europa Unida
- El Ámbito de la jurisprudencia del TC en la resolución de conflictos entre el derecho comuntiario y el derecho interno
- Las relaciones entre el derecho constitucional y el derecho de la Unión Europea a partir de la entrada en vigor del tratado constitucional
- Recapitulación
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