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Author | Patricia Argerey Vilar |
Aunque la variedad de culturas es una de las riquezas de nuestro mundo, en Europa y, especialmente en algunos de los países que la forman, la convivencia de diversas culturas en un marco político común es un fenómeno, en cierto modo, inédito. Por primera vez en su historia, los europeos acogen a una gran masa de población procedente de diversas tradiciones culturales, con otras prácticas y costumbres distintas.
Europa, al tiempo que exporta su cultura, se ve obligada a acoger otras y a intentar lograr una convivencia armónica entre todas las personas que habitan en su territorio. Para alcanzar este objetivo, frente al asimilacionismo tradicional se propone ahora una integración particularmente respetuosa con los derechos de los inmigrantes. Las migraciones internacionales contemporáneas constituyen, indiscutiblemente, un reto no solo para las sociedades, sino también para sus instituciones políticas y su economía.
La Unión Europea es, en la actualidad, la principal área regional receptora de extranjeros y, por tanto, el espacio donde se encuentran diversos obstáculos y oportunidades relacionadas con esta realidad demográfica. Dentro de la Unión, España asiste a un proceso de cambio demográfico de carácter estructural que, en alguna medida, afecta a toda la sociedad. Las personas que viven o conviven con los españoles nos aportan un nutriente cultural de enorme calado social y parece inevitable que, debido a las dimensiones del fenómeno inmigratorio actual, se produzcan brechas sociales y culturales que podrían afectar a los valores fundamentales gestados por la democracia occidental. Tales dificultades hacen que la inmigración sea, como decía Hannad Arendt, uno de los retos vitales de nuestra civilización.
Los europeos saben bien que la integración es un proceso de doble dirección, reflexivo -integrarse- que implica a las dos partes, y que requiere el cumplimiento de una condición simple, la igualdad. Exige reconocer como sujetos a las dos partes y no juzgar a los inmigrantes exclusivamente con la lógica de nuestro beneficio. Por ello, es importante tener en cuenta que el fenómeno migratorio atañe, sobre todo, a las propias personas que deciden trasladar su residencia de un lugar a otro, especialmente desde los países en vías de desarrollo hacia los países desarrollados.
La política europea de inmigración ha de apoyar las políticas de integración social. La Europa de los ciudadanos debe integrar plenamente a los nacionales de terceros...
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