La protección de la infancia
Author | Mercè Sales i Jardí |
Pages | 206-211 |
Page 206
Tal como señalamos en las primeras páginas, la jurisprudencia del TEDH ha creado un estatuto jurídico igualitario para todos los menores. El convenio Europeo sobre el estatuto jurídico de los niños nacidos fuera del matrimonio734lo ha ratificado. Las normas establecidas en este convenio tienen como objetivo equiparar el estatuto jurídico de los niños nacidos fuera de matrimonio con los nacidos dentro del matrimonio y contribuir a la armonización de la legislación de los Estados miembros del consejo en este ámbito. Sus principales disposiciones se refieren a la filiación paterna y materna, al reconocimiento, la oposición o la impugnación de la paternidad, la atribución de la autoridad parental y los derechos sucesorios de los hijos.
La recomendación 869 relativa al pago por el Estado de anticipos sobre las cantidades adeudadas en concepto de obligación de alimentos respecto de los hijos735insta a los Estados a incorporar en sus legislaciones disposiciones relati-
Page 207
vas al pago de anticipos sobre cantidades adeudadas en concepto de obligación de alimentos respecto a cada hijo menor de edad que reside habitualmente en el país que efectúa el pago, de manera que, en el caso en que el importe total adeudado por un hijo menor no pueda ser reclamado dentro de un plazo normal, el Estado asegurará la subsistencia del menor y recuperará posteriormente al deudor las cantidades avanzadas.
El convenio Europeo relativo al reconocimiento y ejecución de decisiones en materia de custodia de menores y al restablecimiento de dicha custodia736 reconoce que, en los Estados miembros del consejo, es de una importancia deci-siva tomar en cuenta el interés del menor en las decisiones relativas a su guarda, así como en las decisiones relativas al derecho de visita de sus padres. Visto el número creciente de menores sustraídos ilegalmente a otros países, también introduce disposiciones que permiten restablecer la guarda de menores cuando ésta haya sido interrumpida arbitrariamente737. En consecuencia, los Estados signatarios del convenio se comprometen a designar una autoridad central que debe colaborar con sus homólogos en otros Estados738y que tiene la responsabilidad, entre otras, de identificar el lugar donde se encuentra el menor, de garantizar el reconocimiento o la ejecución de la decisión y de garantizar la devolución del menor al demandante que ejerce los derechos sobre él legítimamente739. Dicho convenio no impide que otros instrumentos internacionales que vinculan al Estado de origen y al Estado requerido sean invocados para obtener el reconocimiento o la ejecución de una decisión740.
La recomendación 869 relativa al pago por el Estado de anticipos sobre las cantidades adeudadas en concepto de obligación de alimentos respecto de los hijos741insta a los Estados a incorporar en sus legislaciones disposiciones relativas al pago de anticipos sobre cantidades adeudadas en concepto de obligación de alimentos respecto a cada hijo menor de edad que reside habitualmente en el país que efectúa el pago, de manera que, en el caso en que el importe total adeudado por un hijo menor no pueda ser reclamado dentro de un plazo normal, el Estado asegurará la subsistencia del menor y recuperará
Page 208
posteriormente al deudor las cantidades avanzadas. La recomendación 1074 relativa a la política de familia742incluye la posibilidad de introducir unos ingresos mínimos garantizados a fin de ayudar a las familias necesitadas o con personas dependientes a cargo.
El convenio Europeo en materia de adopción de menores743considera que, aunque la institución de la adopción de menores existe en la legislación de todos los Estados miembros, los procedimientos y los efectos jurídicos no siempre coinciden, de manera que es necesario armonizar sus consecuencias744. El convenio además tiene como objetivo asegurar que las disposiciones nacionales relativas a la protección de menores se apliquen no sólo a las adopciones de menores con origen en una de les Partes, pero también a las de menores con origen en otros Estados. Según el convenio, el consentimiento de la madre es necesaria para la adopción, y cuando el niño es legítimo, él del padre o del tutor legal del menor también. No obstante, este consentimiento no es obligatorio si el padre o la madre han sido privados de sus derechos parentales sobre el menor745. Aunque el convenio requiere que la adopción sea dictada por una autoridad judicial o administrativa, la decisión de autorizar la adopción de un menor debe ser aceptada libremente por los progenitores; además, la adopción debe garantizar el bienestar del menor. Respecto...
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- Las normas del Consejo de Europa en relación con la vida familiar
- Las normas específicas sobre la vida familiar
- Las políticas sociales en materia de vida familiar
- La protección de la infancia
- Las normas relativas a las familias LGBT
- Las normas relativas al ámbito penitenciario
- Bibliografía
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