La prueba ilícita marco interpretativo del derecho español vs derecho europeo

AuthorCarmen García de la Escosura Vázquez
Pages1135-1148
— 1135 —
LA PRUEBA ILÍCITA MARCO INTERPRETATIVO
DEL DERECHO ESPAÑOL VS DERECHO EUROPEO
Carmen García de la Escosura Vázquez
Doctoranda en Derecho Penal Internacional
Universidad Carlos III - Madrid
RESUMEN
En el ámbito probatorio con dimensión transfronteriza, el principio de reconocimiento
mutuo se traduce en la confianza que un Estado miembro de la Unión Europea deposita
en la actividad investigadora de los demás Estados miembros. De esta forma si, durante
el desarrollo del proceso penal, se requiere de la obtención de una o varias medidas de
investigación que han de llevarse a cabo en un Estado miembro diferente al encargado del
enjuiciamiento, éstas serán ejecutadas salvo casos tasados.
Ahora bien, esto no implica la aceptación -en todo caso- del resultado obtenido a través
de dichas medidas de investigación. Sino que, para ser incorporadas al procedimiento, habrá
de contrastarse que la actividad probatoria se ha llevado a cabo con escrupuloso respeto a los
derechos fundamentales. De lo contrario, la prueba devendría ilícita.
La problemática que aquí se plantea será, una vez detectada la vulneración de algún
derecho fundamental, la diferencia entre los casos en los que la jurisprudencia del Tribunal
Constitucional y del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos garantizan la exclusión de la
prueba ilícita del proceso (y el posible reconocimiento de su eficacia refleja). Especialmente
para garantizar la salvaguarda del debido proceso (arts. 24.2CE y 6 CEDH).
Palabras clave: Prueba ilícita, prueba transfronteriza, debido proceso.
ABSTRACT
In the field of evidence with a cross-border dimension, the principle of mutual recognition
is translated into the trust that a Member State of the European Union placed in the research
activity of the other Member States. In this way, if during the development of the criminal
process, it is required to obtain one or more investigative measures that have held in a different
Member State responsible for the prosecution, these will be executed except in assessed cases.

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