Reforming United Nations: The scandal of Oil-for-Food corruption

• Pages: 108-119

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l. 7 N

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. 1

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1

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1

08

Reformin

g

United Nations: The scandal of Oil-for-Food corruption

P

hD

(

C.

)

Alban Nako

E

poka

U

niversit

y

P

h

D

(

C.

)

Geri Pi

l

ac

a

E

poka

U

niversit

y

Abs

tr

act

W

hy Saddam a acked Kuwait? The Security Council, alarmed by the invasion of Kuwait,

i

mmediately (the same day) adopted Resolution 660 in which condemned the invasionand

d

emanded

f

rom

I

raq to withdraw all his military

f

orces

.

I

raq

f

ailed to comply with Resolution 660 and the Security Council acting under Chapter V

II

o

f the

U

N Charter concernedby the loss of human life and material destruction, determined

t

o restore sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Kuwait, decided to impose

e

conomic sanctions to secure

I

raq compliance.

The theory o

f

embargo toward

I

raq raised many supporters as an e

f‌f

ectiveinternational tool

t

hat could “bring democracy to the

I

raqi people”.

A

lthough years later itproduced quite the

o

pposite ef‌f ect

.

O

n 14

A

pril 1995 Security Council created the framework for

O

il-for-Food Programme, by

allowing Saddam's regime to sell oil not exceeding a total of 1billion

U

S dollars for 180 days,

e

xclusively

f

or humanitarian aid

f

or the

I

raqi people

.

The temp that the

U

nited Nations eased the purchase volume raised ethical problems in the

e

ndeavour of pursuing international peace. There was a proactive role to widen thesectors o

f

i

ntervention to justify the volume of oil purchased, while

I

raq lacks the technical capabilities

t

o keep up with the growing demand. Where can we draw the line between exploitation and

h

u

m

a

n

i

t

a

r

ia

n

ai

d?

K

e

y

words

:

U

nited Nations, Security Council,

I

raqi Regime, Volcker Commission, Corruption.

I

ntr

odu

ct

io

n

A

lmost three decades a



er the

f

all o

f

the Berlin Wall, the enthusiasm o

f

a new

b

eginning is eroding b

y

the da

y

f

rom the ongoing civil wars, con

f‌l

icts,

f

amineand

t

he rise o

f

p

o

p

ulism.The heav

y

burden to lead this new world relied solel

y

u

p

on the

U

nited States o

f

A

merica, which at some

p

oint

f

used the interest o

f

the

U

S

A

with

t

he interest o

f

the world s

y

stem.

I

n this

p

ers

p

ective, an

y

action against the s

y

stem

would trigger

U

S counter-res

p

onse and v

i

c

e

v

e

r

sa.

This assum

p

tion sheds light on the

p

roactive role o

f

the

U

S

A

lead coalition

f

orces in the Gul

f

War.

I

n what

p

ossible

p

olitical

realm could any state challenge the

U

S regime a

f

ew monthsa



er the

f

all o

f

the Berlin Wal

l

 

1

?

F

rom a realist

p

ers

p

ective, Saddam had man

y

p

lausible arguments to justi

fy

the

1

Constructed b

y

the German Democratic Re

p

ublic, starting on 13

A

ugust 1961, the Wall cut of‌f (b

y

land) West Berlin from virtuall

y

all of surrounding

E

ast German

y

and

E

ast Berlin until government

of‌f‌i cials o

p

ened it in November 1989.

I

ts demolition of‌f‌i ciall

y

began on 13 June 1990 and f‌i nished

i

n 1

99

2

.