A relação entre União Europeia e a questão prioritária de constitucionalidade do direito francês

• Author: Paula Wojcikiewicz Almeida
• Pages: 165-187

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE UNIÃO EUROPEIA

E A QUESTÃO PRIORITÁRIA DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE

DO DIREITO FRANCÊS

LÍVIA DA SILVA FERREIRA1*

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contraire auxstipulations d’un traité, même antérieur, est exactement le même que leraison*

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comprise entre la frontière terrestre de la France avec la Belgique et

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détention de Lille, saisi par le préfet d’une demande de prolongation

de cette rétention, M. X... a déposé un mémoire posant une question

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du code de procédure pénale portait atteinte aux droits et libertés

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et libertés garantis par la Constitution de la République française?” et

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de procédure pénale est contraire à la Constitution, le demandeur in*

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pe à l’Union européenne constituée d’Etats qui ont choisi librement

d’exercer en commun certaines de leurs compétences en vertu du

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bonne, dont celui concernant la libre circulation des personnes, ont

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autorise des contrôles aux frontières intérieures des Etats membres

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de l’Union et à la Constitution de la République française, a posé deux

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Attendu, premièrement, que la CJUE a dit pour droit que l’article

267 TFUE s’oppose à une législation d’un Etat membre qui instaure une

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les, pour autant que le caractère prioritaire de cette procédure a pour

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faculté ou de satisfaire à leur obligation de saisir la Cour de questions

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législation nationale pour autant que les juridictions restent libres:

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de constitutionnalité, la CJUE de toute question préjudicielle

qu’elles jugent nécessaire,

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juridictionnelle provisoire des droits conférés par l’ordre juridi*

que de l’Union, et

— de laisser inappliquée, à l’issue d’une telle procédure incidente,

la disposition législative nationale en cause si elles la jugent

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Attendu que le juge national chargé d’appliquer, dans le cadre

de sa compétence, les dispositions du droit de l’Union, a l’obligation

d’assurer le plein effet de ces normes en laissant au besoin inappli*

quée, de sa propre autorité, toute disposition contraire de la législa*

tion nationale, même postérieure, sans qu’il ait à demander ou à atten*

dre l’élimination préalable de celle ci par voie législative ou par tout

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Attendu que, dans l’hypothèse particulière où le juge est saisi

d’une question portant à la fois sur la constitutionnalité et la conven*

tionnalité d’une disposition législative, il lui appartient de mettre en

oeuvre, le cas échéant, les mesures provisoires ou conservatoires pro*

pres à assurer la protection juridictionnelle des droits conférés par

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cette exigence, comme c’est le cas de la Cour de cassation, devant

laquelle la procédure ne permet pas de recourir à de telles mesures,

le juge doit se prononcer sur la conformité de la disposition critiquée

au regard du droit de l’Union en laissant alors inappliquées les dispo*

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Attendu, deuxièmement, que la Cour de justice de l’Union euro*

péenne a également dit pour droit que l’article 67, paragraphe 2, TFUE

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lement européen et du Conseil, du 15 mars 2006, établissant un code

communautaire relatif au régime de franchissement des frontières par

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tion nationale conférant aux autorités de police de l’Etat membre con*

cerné la compétence de contrôler, uniquement dans une zone de 20

kilomètres à partir de la frontière terrestre de cet Etat avec les parties

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entre les gouvernements des Etats de l’Union économique Benelux,

de la République fédérale d’Allemagne et de la République française

relatif à la suppression graduelle des contrôles aux frontières com*

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toute personne, indépendamment du comportement de celle*ci et des

circonstances particulières établissant un risque d’atteinte à l’ordre

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port et de présentation des titres et documents prévus par la loi, sans

prévoir l’encadrement nécessaire de cette compétence garantissant

que l’exercice pratique de ladite compétence ne puisse pas revêtir un

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pénale n’est assorti d’aucune disposition offrant une telle garantie, il

appartient au juge des libertés et de la détention d’en tirer les consé*

quences au regard de la régularité de la procédure dont il a été saisi,

sans qu’il y ait lieu de renvoyer au Conseil constitutionnel la question

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ayant pour objet des demandes de décision préjudicielle au titre

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par décisions du 16 avril 2010, parvenues à la Cour le même jour, dans

les procédures contre

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qui instaure une procédure incidente de contrôle de constitutionnalité

des lois nationales, pour autant que le caractère prioritaire de cette

procédure a pour conséquence d’empêcher, tant avant la transmission

d’une question de constitutionnalité à la juridiction nationale chargée

d’exercer le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois que, le cas échéant,

après la décision de cette juridiction sur ladite question, toutes les

autres juridictions nationales d’exercer leur faculté ou de satisfaire à

leur obligation de saisir la Cour de questions préjudicielles. En revan*

che, l’article 267 TFUE ne s’oppose pas à une telle législation nationale

pour autant que les autres juridictions nationales restent libres:

— de saisir, à tout moment de la procédure qu’elles jugent appro*

prié, et même à l’issue de la procédure incidente de contrôle

de constitutionnalité, la Cour de toute question préjudicielle

qu’elles jugent nécessaire,

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juridictionnelle provisoire des droits conférés par l’ordre juridi*

que de l’Union, et

— de laisser inappliquée, à l’issue d’une telle procédure incidente,

la disposition législative nationale en cause si elles la jugent

contraire au droit de l’Union.

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nationale en cause au principal peut être interprétée conformément à

ces exigences du droit de l’Union.

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du 15 mars 2006, établissant un code communautaire relatif au régime

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uniquement dans une zone de 20 kilomètres à partir de la frontière ter*

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le d’Allemagne et de la République française relatif à la suppression

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damment du comportement de celle*ci et de circonstances particuliè*

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le respect des obligations de détention, de port et de présentation des

titres et des documents prévues par la loi, sans prévoir l’encadrement

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