Resumen de la discusión Primera Mesa Redonda
Author | Carlos Gómez-Jara Díez |
Pages | 39-40 |
Page 39
A lo largo de esta primera Mesa Redonda el ponente, que ha formado parte de la comisión de expertos sobre unificación del Derecho penal europeo desde 1989, pasó revista a la evolución que ha sufrido el Derecho penal europeo en los últimos años, a los obstáculos que hubo para su creación, sobre todo en el ámbito económico, a las dificultades derivadas de las diversas culturas jurídicas y a los éxitos, aunque no completos, que supone para el Derecho penal económico europeo la inclusión en la Constitución Europea de dos grandes grupos: de un lado, terrorismo, trata de blancas, drogas y, del otro, el fraude a los Presupuestos Europeos.
El Fiscal General del Estado insistió en el hecho de que el Derecho penal europeo es ya un fenómeno existente y que la cooperación judicial europea en materia penal contribuye decisivamente a una lucha eficaz contra la criminalidad. Existe un arsenal de instrumentos que permiten un importante avance en esta materia: Eurojust y la previsión de la figura del Fiscal europeo institucionalizan el proceso penal para una persecución independiente. Hizo una severa crítica de la esterilidad de una Dogmática de lenguaje "aristocrático" y "críptico" e invitó a los teóricos a adoptar el pensamiento orientado hacia problemas y no hacia categorías abstractas. Afirmó que, es necesario hacer un "viaje hacia el empirismo" sobre la base de los principios constitucionales que son comunes en Europa y no seguir debatiendo sobre cuestiones dogmáticas en que las diferencias entre países anglosajones y continentales son insoslayables. Sostuvo que, en la actualidad ya es muy amplia la normativa comunitaria existente que influye y determina la legislación penal, procesal y sustantiva (comiso, blanqueo de capitales, responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, orden europea de extradición, pruebas lícitas-ilícitas,...); existe, sin lugar a dudas, un acervo constitucional común.
Por su parte, el Magistrado y ponente don ENRIQUE BACIGALUPO expuso de la mano del texto constitucional la habilitación de diferentes mecanismos legislativos e institucionales que reconocen claramente una competencia penal de la Unión Europea y que, en ciertas materias, dejan un espacio de juego sumamente limitado a los diversos Estados Miembros. Dicha situación fue también avalada por el igualmente Magistrado JOSÉ ANTONIO MARTÍN Pallín, quien, refiriéndose en concreto al Derecho penal económico europeo, echaba de menos en el texto constitucional una...
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- Resumen de la discusión Primera Mesa Redonda
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