Resumen de la discusión Quinta Mesa Redonda
Author | Carlos Gómez-Jara Díez |
Pages | 168-169 |
Page 168
La ponencia inicial del profesor SCHÜNEMANN se centró fundamentalmente en analizar, sobre todo desde una perspectiva crítica, los últimos intentos más elaborados para conformar un Derecho penal empresarial. En este sentido, comenzó pasando revista a las posiciones más recientes en Alemania, tratando de mostrar especialmente las contradicciones a las que se veían abocados ciertos autores como consecuencia de la incompatibilidad de sus tesis con los propios postulados ontologicistas y funcionalistas. A continuación, SCHÜNEMANN volcó su atención en los recientes intentos por parte algunos penalistas de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid de fundamentar la responsabilidad penal de las empresas. En concreto, inició una discusión crítica con la construcción de Carlos GÓMEZ-JARA DÍEZ sobre la culpabilidad empresarial. Los núcleos de la crítica radicaban, por un lado, en las diferencias normativo-estructurales que existían entre individuos y empresas y, por otro lado, en que la guía de las empresas venía dada única y exclusivamente por motivos económicos, sin poder internalizar valores jurídicos. El resto de la extensa ponencia la dedicó a mostrar la inadecuación de las multas económicas para solventar muchos problemas de la criminalidad empresarial y a la idoneidad de la intervención o "curatela empresarial" como sanciones a imponer a las empresas.
El profesor GÓMEZ-BENÍTEZ realizó a continuación una completa y detallada exposición de la regulación contenida en el Código penal francés con respecto a la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, analizando los problemas que se han ido planteando en tiempos recientes, tales como qué ocurre en el caso de la absorción de empresas, qué matices se producen en la disyuntiva responsabilidad cumulativa / responsabilidad alternativa de personas físicas y jurídicas o hasta qué punto pueden los administradores de hecho desencadenar la responsabilidad de las personas jurídicas. Dado que la regulación francesa ha servido de referente en el ámbito comunitario, GÓMEZ BENÍTEZ examinó por último diversas regulaciones comunitarias a este respecto, poniendo de relieve varios matices que, en su opinión, deberían ser subsanados.
Posteriormente el profesor PEÑARANDA RAMOS profundizó en las críticas planteadas por SCHÜNEMANN en tres ámbitos diferentes: la teoría de las normas, el concepto de la pena y la idea de la culpabilidad. En este sentido, indicó que, en última instancia, los partidarios de la...
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