Resumen de la discusión Tercera Mesa Redonda
Author | Carlos Gómez-Jara Díez |
Pages | 124-125 |
Page 124
La ponencia inicial corrió a cargo de SALVADOR VIADA, Fiscal en el Tribunal Penal Internacional de la Haya para la antigua Yugoslavia, quien pasó revista a la evolución que ha experimentado la persecución del fraude comunitario en los últimos años y el notable impulso que recibe del texto constitucional europeo. Una de las principales preocupaciones del ponente fue que la consecución de una cooperación penal eficaz en el ámbito europeo pasa necesariamente por la instauración de una estructura vertical -y no sólo horizontal- que ayude y oriente a las autoridades nacionales. Apuntó en este sentido la multiplicidad de jurisdicciones que se plantean en estos supuestos transnacionales e incluso la legitimidad del posible forum shopping de las partes implicadas a la luz de la diversidad normativa existente en la actualidad. Por ello, consideró que la Oficina Eurojust es un elemento determinante de la coordinación penal en el ámbito europeo y que, para su efectividad plena, precisa de una fuerza vinculante de la que ahora carece, pero que le otorga la Constitución Europea. Precisamente en esta línea resulta fundamental la Fiscalía Europea, cuya creación dentro de Eurojust prevé dicho texto constitucional y cuya relevancia se antoja del todo vital para el futuro Derecho penal europeo. En opinión de Salvador Viada, la Fiscalía Europea conllevaría necesariamente la instauración de un auténtico sistema penal procesal europeo, sometido a una serie de principios propios. De ahí que, a la hora de establecer dichos principios en el futuro, el ponente abogó por tener muy presente la Carta de Derechos contenida en la parte II del tratado constitucional, que constituirá una suerte de «defensa comunitaria» en el ámbito de la delincuencia transnacional.
A propósito de este último concepto, RUBÉN JIMÉNEZ, representante de la Judicatura española en Eurojust, señalóque, en la actualidad, la policía y los jueces no circulan por Europa con la libertad con la que sí lo hacen los delincuentes. En este sentido, consideró que el delincuente económico individual ya no existe y que se ha sustituido por una delincuencia económica organizada. Por ello, sostuvo que Eurojust supone un importante avance para coordinar las acciones de diferentes investigaciones, constituyéndose en el primer paso para dirimir los conflictos de jurisdicción que puedan plantearse. De esta manera, la operativa de esta institución consiste en convocar a los miembros que ostentan la...
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