El sueño de la revolución liberal de 1848
Author | Schiera, Pierangelo |
Pages | 117-120 |
Page 117
Quisiera añadir, a modo de conclusión, que a lo largo del Vormärz perdió pie lenta y progresivamente una acepción propia del contenido de la constitución y del constitucionalismo vinculada al desarrollo de la ideología Estado-sociedad, así como a la «aspiración a la perfección» y al creciente interés por «las constituciones estatales y las formas de gobierno»1. Se preparó de este modo el viraje al período posterior a 1848, en el que el constitucionalismo se convertirá en un problema de valores y principios y de ideologías y doctrinas. La constitución logró entonces conquistar plena autonomía respecto al ordenamiento, sobre todo después de que la cues-tión del legislativo encontrara soluciones institucionales parlamentarias equilibradas entre el pueblo y el monarca, gracias a los resultados, más o menos tardíos, de las revoluciones de 1848. El derecho constitucional ocupará cada vez más el lugar de las ciencias sociales y del Estado y se repartirá con la otra criatura, el derecho administrativo, el interés no solo de los juristas, sino de todos los que se ocupaban de los problemas del Estado y de su adaptación a las crecientes necesidades y expectativas de una sociedad que iba perdiendo gradualmente su carácter "civil-burgués" para adquirir el de "masa".
No se puede adelantar demasiado respecto al periodo posterior a 1848. Pero debe decirse con claridad que, al menos desde el punto de vista de la historia del pensamiento constitucional, 1848 representó un viraje
Page 118
importante, semejante en cierta medida al de 1789. Aquel año salieron dos obras que no hubieran podido dibujar mejor el perfil del nuevo panorama social y cultural que estaba madurando: el Manifiesto del Partido Comunista de Marx y Engels y los Principles of Political Economy de John Stuart Mill. Los campos opuestos quedaban bien señalados en adelante y se iban precisando las respectivas ideologías. El constitucionalismo ya no debía servir a la monarquía, sino que debía cargarse de objetivos y de banderas vinculadas a las diversas expectativas de una sociedad en rápida evolución y, sobre todo, cada vez más henchida de expectativas de intervención por parte del Estado. El Estado de la restauración, de Estado de derecho, se convirtió en Estado social y, gracias al crecimiento de la administración, recuperó e incluso superó el nivel de compromiso y de prestaciones propias del Estado de policía del siglo XVIII. El ejecutivo contra el que se lanzó la revolución...
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Request your trial- El constitucionalismo como discurso político
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- Legitimación y legitimidad
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- El constitucionalismo monárquico frente a la monarquía constitucional
- Constitución y derecho. Poder legislativo y burguesía
- Constitución y política. La ciencia del Estado
- Cambio social y transformación política
- El sueño de la revolución liberal de 1848
- De la cuestión social al totalitarismo: hacia la globalización
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