En torno a la idea de estado y sus elementos
Author | Ángela Figueruelo Burrieza |
Pages | 41-44 |
Page 41
Una cuestión obligatoria para cualquier constitucionalista que aborda el estudio del derecho público es acercarse al objeto propio de la materia de análisis: saber qué es el Estado. Si nos fijamos en las distintas formaciones políticas a las cuales se les da el nombre de Estado, se comprueba que los elementos constitutivos que forman cada uno de los Estados se pueden resumir en tres: Pueblo, territorio y poder.Page 42
1) Un Estado es ante todo una comunidad humana, una forma de agrupación social. Es cierto que en cada Estado encontramos un determinado número de hombres que han conseguido formar un cuerpo político autónomo diferenciado de los grupos estatales vecinos. Lo que caracteriza a esta clase de comunidad es que se trata de una colectividad pública que se sobrepone a todas las agrupaciones particulares de orden doméstico o de interés privado, o incluso de interés público local que puedan existir entre sus miembros. Si en origen los individuos vivieron en pequeños grupos sociales (familia, tribu, gens...) aislados unos de otros, aunque coexistían sobre el mismo suelo, conociendo únicamente de sus intereses particulares, las comunidades estatales se formaron englobando a todos los individuos que poblaban un territorio determinado en una corporación única, fundada sobre la base del interés general y común que consigue unir entre sí a pesar de las diferencias que los separan a los hombres que viven juntos en un mismo país: esta corporación que será superior y general, conformará desde entonces un pueblo es decir una nación. La cual se define como el conjunto de hombres y de poblaciones que forman un Estado y que son su sustancia humana.
Con este término "nación" se denomina no a una masa amorfa de individuos sino a la colectividad organizada de los nacionales, en cuanto esta colectividad se halla constituida en una unidad indivisible. En sentido jurídico el pueblo o nación no es sólo un elemento constitutivo del Estado, sino que es por excelencia, el elemento constitutivo del Estado porque se identifica con él. Dentro del Estado o nación, por lo que se refiere a los hombres considerados a nivel individual, se les denomina nacionales o ciudadanos (del latín civis), término que designa el vínculo social que por encima de todas sus relaciones particulares y sus agrupaciones parciales reúne a todos los miembros de la nación en un cuerpo único de sociedad pública (CARRÉ DE MALBERG, 1948).
2) El territorio es el segundo elemento...
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- Primera parte
- Precedentes
- La Convención como alternativa a la conferencia diplomática en la reforma de los tratados
- Sobre el concepto de Constitución
- Los Principios inspiradores del constitucionalismo clásico
- En torno a la idea de estado y sus elementos
- La naturaleza jurídica de la Unión Europea
- Los caracteres de la soberanía del Estado ante el proceso de integración Europea
- Las relaciones entre el derecho comunitario y el derecho interno
- Modificaciones producidas en el sistema interno de fuentes del derecho por la adhesión a la Europa Unida
- El Ámbito de la jurisprudencia del TC en la resolución de conflictos entre el derecho comuntiario y el derecho interno
- Las relaciones entre el derecho constitucional y el derecho de la Unión Europea a partir de la entrada en vigor del tratado constitucional
- Recapitulación
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