Tutela judicial (II): competencia consultiva, prejudicial y arbitral
Author | VÍctor M. Sánchez (Dir.) - Maria Julia Barceló |
Pages | 259-266 |
Page 259
El abanico de competencias jurisdiccionales de la Unión se extiende, más allá de las competencias contenciosas, al ejercicio de competencias de casación, consultiva, prejudicial y arbitral que responden a otros parámetros judiciales.
En los recursos de casación, el Tribunal se erige como segunda instancia con respecto a decisiones previas del Tribunal de Primera Instancia, conforme al reparto de poderes que rigen las competencias de cada tribunal. El recurso al Tribunal cuando ejerce funciones consultivas y prejudiciales persigue recabar la opinión del tribunal sobre una cuestión de derecho (¿es conforme a los tratados este acuerdo internacional que quieren firmar las Comunidades?¿El reglamento que se quiere aplicar es válido? ) por lo que las categorías de demandante y demandado se difuminan en estos recursos cuando, por ejemplo, es un juez quien solicita la consulta para ser asistido en la solución de la duda jurídica. La función arbitral, por su parte, se manifiesta en aquellos recursos en que la jurisdicción comunitaria no es automática sino que tiene su origen en la aceptación previa por las partes de su establecimiento. La sentencia arbitral, no obstante, como en los recursos contenciosos, da solución obligatoria al fondo de la controversia entre dos partes enfrentadas.
Regulado en el art. 225 TCE, se dirige al TJCE contra una resolución dictada por el Tribunal de Primera Instancia o ante el TPICE cuando se pretende la casa-Page 260ción de una sentencia del Tribunal de la Función Pública67. La presentación del recurso de casación en ambos casos está limitada a la anulación de cuestiones de derecho (no se pueden contestar las apreciaciones sobre los hechos). Cuando la solución del recurso de casación es favorable al recurrente, el Tribunal que resuelve el recurso de casación anulará la resolución recurrida. Entonces, si el estado del caso lo permite, el mismo tribunal puede resolver con carácter definitivo el litigio. En caso contrario, devolverá el caso al tribunal inferior cuya decisión se ha recurrido, que estará vinculado por la decisión adoptada en el marco del recurso de casación a la hora de ofrecer su propia solución.
Cuando el recurso de casación se presenta ante el TPICE contra una decisión del TFP y el primero resuelve el caso, esta decisión contenciosa también sería recurrible ante el TJCE aunque de modo más limitado. Según el párrafo 2 del art. 225.2 TCE las resoluciones dictadas por el TPICE pueden ser reexaminadas por el TJCE siempre que haya un riesgo grave de que se vulnere la unidad o coherencia del derecho comunitario.
El TJCE puede emitir dictámenes a petición de los estados o de las instituciones comunitarias. Un supuesto de ejercicio de esta función figura en el art. 300.6 TCE, relativo al control de la compatibilidad de los tratados internacionales que quiera celebrar la Comunidad con los tratados comunitarios. Los sujetos legitimados para pedir este dictamen son los estados miembros, la Comisión, el Consejo y el PE. El momento de solicitud del dictamen es previo a la conclusión de los acuerdos con terceros estados u otras organizaciones internacionales. El control efectuado es de carácter material, procedimental y competencial.
El contenido del dictamen final del TJCE es obligatorio. En este sentido, si el pronunciamiento es contrario a la compatibilidad del...
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- Lecciones de derecho de la Unión Europea
- ¿Qué es la Unión Europea?
- Presentación
- Glosario
- Configuración histórica de la Unión Europea
- Miembros y ampliación
- Objetivos
- Pilares
- Competencias
- Cooperación reforzada
- Modelo organizativo
- Comisión
- Consejo de la Unión Europea
- Parlamento Europeo
- Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas y otros tribunales
- Otros órganos
- ¿Cómo se crea derecho en la UE?
- Presupuesto
- Ordenamiento jurídico comunitario (I): derecho primario, principios generales y acuerdos internacionales
- Ordenamiento jurídico comunitario (II): derecho derivado
- Otras fuentes del derecho de la UE
- Relaciones entre el derecho comunitario y los ordenamientos jurídicos de los estados miembros
- Tutela judicial (I): competencia contenciosa
- Tutela judicial (II): competencia consultiva, prejudicial y arbitral
- Vías no jurisdiccionales de tutela de los derechos de los particulares
- Mercado interior (I): libre circulación de mercancías
- Mercado interior (II): libre circulación de trabajadores
- Mercado interior (III): derecho de establecimiento y libre prestación de servicios
- Mercado interior (IV): libre circulación de capitales y pagos
- Anexo
- Lecturas recomendadas
- Indice de jurisprudencia
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