Dictamen del Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre «Almacenamiento de energía: un factor de integración y seguridad energética» (Dictamen de iniciativa)
Section | dictamen |
Issuing Organization | Comité Económico y Social Europeo |
17.11.2015 ES Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea C 383/19
Ponente: Pierre-Jean COULON
El 22 de enero de 2015, de conformidad con el artículo 29, apartado 2, de su Reglamento interno, el Comité Económico y Social Europeo decidió elaborar un dictamen de iniciativa sobre el tema
Almacenamiento de energía: un factor de integración y seguridad energética
.
La sección especializada de Transportes, Energía, Infraestructuras y Sociedad de la Información, encargada de preparar los trabajos en este asunto, aprobó su dictamen el 16 de junio de 2015.
En su 509o pleno de los días 1 y 2 de julio de 2015 (sesión del 1 de julio de 2015), el Comité Económico y Social Europeo aprobó por unanimidad (por 131 votos a favor) el presente Dictamen.
1.1. El CESE pide que los objetivos climáticos y energéticos de la UE propicien una cuota mayor de energías renovables en la combinación energética. El CESE ha apoyado de manera constante estas energías; la única solución a largo plazo para nuestro futuro energético es un sistema de energía sostenible basado en gran parte en las energías renovables. El Comité constata la importancia de añadir componentes adicionales al sistema energético.
1.2. Por su carácter intermitente, las energías renovables y su desarrollo suponen un auténtico reto en términos de almacenamiento. El almacenamiento es una cuestión estratégica para la Unión Europea con vistas a garantizar la seguridad del abastecimiento de la Unión y un mercado de la energía viable desde el punto de vista tanto técnico como de los costes. Por lo tanto, esta cuestión ocupa un lugar destacado en la agenda europea y constituye un cometido prioritario, especialmente en el marco de la Unión de la Energía, iniciada en febrero de 2015.
1.3. El CESE señaló en un dictamen anterior la trascendencia del almacenamiento, que representa «un reto, una oportunidad y una absoluta necesidad». Subraya la importancia de lograr la transición energética en la Unión Europea y hace un llamamiento a emplear todos los medios para conseguir resultados concretos y a gran escala en materia de almacenamiento.
1.4. El CESE reconoce que, aunque existen distintas soluciones de almacenamiento, las tecnologías se encuentran en diversas fases de madurez tecnológica e industrial.
1.5. El CESE recuerda que el almacenamiento de energía, paralelamente a sus ventajas, puede tener un importante coste-financiero, así como también medioambiental y sanitario. Por lo tanto, aboga por que se realicen sistemáticamente evaluaciones de impacto para comprobar no solo la competitividad de las tecnologías, sino también sus repercusiones sobre el medio ambiente y la salud. El CESE considera también importante evaluar los efectos de estas tecnologías en materia de creación de actividades y de empleo.
1.6. El CESE aboga por intensificar las inversiones y los trabajos de investigación y desarrollo en materia de almacenamiento y por una mejor sinergia europea en este ámbito, con el fin de reducir los costes de la transición energética, garantizar la seguridad del abastecimiento y permitir la competitividad de la economía europea. El CESE está convencido de la necesidad de una mayor armonización normativa entre los Estados miembros en materia de almacenamiento energético.
1.7. El CESE aboga, además, por entablar un diálogo público en toda Europa sobre la cuestión energética —denominado diálogo europeo sobre la energía—, para que los ciudadanos y la sociedad civil en su conjunto hagan suya la transición energética y puedan influir en las futuras decisiones sobre las tecnologías de almacenamiento de la energía.
1.8. El CESE recuerda la importancia del gas en la combinación energética y en materia de seguridad energética para los ciudadanos. El CESE pide que se fomente el almacenamiento en este sector, de manera que todos los Estados miembros, solidariamente, puedan disponer de reservas.
2.1. El suministro de energía y su gestión constituyen una prioridad política y socioeconómica fundamental, así como un desafío esencial para el éxito de la transición energética y para afrontar los retos climáticos. Aunque la demanda de energía esté reduciéndose en la UE (el consumo energético disminuye desde 2006 y actualmente consumimos aproximadamente la misma cantidad de energía que a principios de los años noventa), el despliegue creciente de las energías renovables intermitentes ha intensificado la necesidad de almacenamiento de la energía, que desempeñará un papel fundamental en numerosos sectores (compensación de la intermitencia, automóviles eléctricos, defensa, etc.) y constituirá un reto estratégico para Europa y su industria. Cabe señalar que el almacenamiento de las energías renovables es uno de los principales argumentos esgrimidos por los oponentes a estas energías.
2.2. Aunque la mayoría de las energías primarias (gas, petróleo o carbón) se almacenan fácilmente, quedan por resolver cuestiones relativas al tamaño, coste y localización de las instalaciones de...
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