España adopta una nueva normativa sobre transgénicos
Author | Sebastián Romero Melchor |
El pasado nueve de enero, el Consejo de Ministros aprobó un Real Decreto cuyo objeto es el desarrollo de la Ley 9/2003 de 25 de abril ?por la que se establece el régimen jurídico de la utilización confinada, liberación voluntaria y comercialización de organismos modificados genéticamente?.
Tanto la Ley como el Real Decreto que la desarrolla incorporan los Reglamentos comunitarios aprobados en julio de 2003 sobre trazabilidad y etiquetado y sobre comercialización y etiquetado de productos alimentarios derivados o con contenido de transgénicos.
La legislación española sobre transgénicos, al igual que la comunitaria, se sustenta en la aplicación de los principios de de información y publicidad así como del principio de precaución, por el cual los productos se deberán aprobar caso por caso, estudiando con cautela las posibilidades de riesgos medioambientales y sanitarios.
En cuanto a aspectos organizativos, el Real Decreto crea el Consejo Interministerial de Organismos Genéticamente Modificados, responsable de los procedimientos administrativos aplicables a las actividades relacionadas con transgénicos. Asimismo ratifica el papel consultivo de la Comisión Nacional de Biovigilancia, que será responsable de la aplicación de las normas de coexistencia.
El Real Decreto divide las actividades en relación con GMOs en cuatro niveles, según los riesgos que representen para la salud humana y el medio ambiente, y establece planes de urgencia para hipotéticas crisis de salud pública o medioambientales causadas por organismos transgénicos.
Por otro lado, la comercialización de productos derivados o con presencia de OGMs estará sujeta a autorización previa. La petición autorización incluirá una evaluación del riesgo. La metodología de la petición dependerá de la variedad transgénica y de sus efectos. En todo caso, todas las propuestas deberán contemplar un plan de seguimiento y una propuesta de duración de la autorización.
Por último, el nuevo marco normativo impone a los productores obligaciones de informar y colaborar con las autoridades alimentarias de forma que se puedan tomar las medidas necesarias en caso de riesgo, incluida la suspensión de la autorización...
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