Annex 4: Examples of impacts of power lines on metapopulations of species listed in annex I of birds directive
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EN Annex4/6
Annex 4 Examples of impacts of power lines on
meta-populations of species listed in Annex I of
Birds Directive
Species
Main impact
Location
Study
period
Casualties
Conclusions
Key papers
White
Stork
Ciconia
ciconia
Additional mortality
due to electrocution
and collision.
Germany
-
In 226 cases out
of 1185 ring
recoveries
The cause of recoveries was
‘overhead wires’.
Riegel &
Winkel, 1971
White
Stork
Ciconia
ciconia
Additional mortality
due to electrocution
and collision.
Switzerland
1984-
1999
195 out of 41 6
dead recoveries.
Sample size:
2912 ringed
individuals.
Power line mortality is important for
White Storks, with about one in four
juveniles and one in 17 adults
dying each year because of power
line collision and electrocution.
Schaub &
Pradel, 2004
White
Stork
Ciconia
ciconia
Additional mortality
due to electrocution
and collision.
Central
Spain
1999-
2000
51 individuals
were found
electrocuted and
101 individuals
died by collision
Ca. 1% of present storks died
during post-breeding migration,
while 5-7% population did during
winter.
Garrido &
Fernández-
Cruz, 2003
Bonelli’s
Eagle
Aquila
fasciata
Additional mortality
due to collision.
Catalonia,
Spain
1990-
1997
2 out of 12
breeding
individuals
Collision itself accounts for 17% of
the annual mortality which is a
serious problem on the population
level. Annual adult mortality rate
must not exceed 2-6% for the
population to remain at equilibrium.
Manosa &
Real, 2001
Bonelli’s
Eagle
Aquila
fasciata
Additional mortality
due to
electrocution.
Catalonia,
Spain
1990-
1997
6 out 12
breeding
individuals
Electrocution itself accounts for
50% of the annual mortality which
is a serious problem on the
population level. Annual adult
mortality rate must not exceed 2-
6% for the population to remain at
equilibrium .
Manosa &
Real, 2001
Eurasian
Eagle Owl
Bubo
bubo
Additional mortality
due to
electrocution.
Switzerland
-
-
Electrocution and collision
accounted for more than 50% of all
the unnatural causes. The
population was at a critical level. It
would have depended on
immigration from nearby
populations after mitigating the
sources of all unnatural causes of
death.
Schaub, 2010
Eurasian
Eagle Owl
Bubo
bubo
Additional mortality
due to
electrocution.
Italy
-
-
High electrocution-related territory
abandonment resulting in a steeply
declining, low-density population.
Sergio, 2004
Little
Bustard
Tetrax
tetrax
Additional mortality
due to collision.
Portugal
-
-
1.5% of the Portugese population
dies by collision with overhead
wires. High risk of potential
avoidance of areas with
transmission power lines (affecting
reproductive success through
limiting the size and density of
leks).
Silva, 2010
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