Coexistencia, nuevo frente en la guerra de la biotecnología
El pasado 5 de marzo, la Comisión presentó su propuesta sobre coexistencia de cultivos ecológicos, convencionales y transgénicos en lo que parece ser un nuevo capítulo de la historia interminable de la aceptación de la biotecnología en la UE. En dicha propuesta, la Comisión aboga por un planteamiento suave, en el que los Estados miembros tengan la última palabra a la hora de optar por el modelo de coexistencia que prefieran. Incluso sugiere que la coexistencia se podría regular mediante acuerdos de ámbito local entre agricultores y entre agricultores y la industria.
Sin embargo, el Comisario de Agricultura ya ha advertido que la Comisión no tolerará que ningún Estado miembro se limite a prohibir los cultivos transgénicos en su territorio. En este sentido, Fischler defendió que los agricultores deberían poder elegir los sistemas de producción agrícola que prefieran. Fishler también añadió que la regulación de la coexistencia de cultivos es un asunto de carácter económico y legal, no sobre seguridad alimentaria, dado que en la UE solo se pueden cultivar aquéllos transgénicos previamente autorizados. Por lo tanto, cuestiones de seguridad alimentaria y otras cuestiones medioambientales han quedado excluidas de la propuesta, que se limita a tratar las consecuencias económicas de la presencia de cultivos genéticamente modificadas frente a los cultivos no transgénicos.
Los referidos problemas económicos son fundamentalmente el coste que puede comportar la mezcla y contaminación de los tres tipos de cultivos y la adopción de las medidas necesarias para evitar dichos efectos. En cuanto a las soluciones agrícolas de gestión para la coexistencia de cultivos, la Comisión está sugiriendo distancias de aislamiento entre campos, zonas tapón, barreras de polen, control de plantas autosembradas, rotación de cultivos o supervisiones durante el ciclo de cosecha. En todo caso, los estudios sugieren que el problema de la mezcla y del riesgo de contaminación de los diferentes tipos de cultivos y las medidas a adoptar para evitarlo dependerán de cada tipo de cultivo. Los ecologistas exigen una legislación dura a nivel comunitario Por otra parte, grupos medioambientales - Amigos de la Tierra Europa, la oficina ambiental y Greenpeace - acusaron recientemente a la Comisión de esquivar su responsabilidad a la hora de...
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