A criminological overview on Albanian criminal law and aspects of corruption during World War II

• Author: Marbona Cuka
• Position: Council of Ministers, Albania
• Pages: 210-214

Vol. 1 No. 1

January 2017

European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences

IIPCCL Publishing, Graz-Austria

ISSN 2519-1284

Acces online at www.iipccl.org

210

A criminological overview on Albanian criminal law and aspects of corrup-

tion during World War II

Marbona Cuka

Council of Ministers, Albania

Abstract

Main subject of this manuscript will be the historical development of the Albanian legislation,

judicial and legal system in the period of 1939-1945, period which in Albania continues to

present a vital part of the cultural and political landscape of the twenty-fi rst century. Some of

the issues addressed in this paper are:

Historical developments that dictate and guide the development of criminal norms, legal and

judicial system in the period of 1939 -1945, National Anti-Fascist Liberation Council as the

primary body that made laws during this period, Special Military Court, prison system, etc.

Legal and judicial system during the period of 1939-1945 was created and acted under the

infl uence of aggressive invaders` policies and in accordance with the interests of the Anti-

Fascist National Liberation War. The la er protected the people's struggle against foreign

invaders, but at the same time refl ected the extremist policy of the Communist Party in the

aspect of defi ning political crimes, o en succeeded by harsh and unfair sentences. However,

other criminal rates of a political character contributed to the important fi ght against

criminality. Prison system was characterized by corruption in terms of the way they operated.

A er pu ing in place the regime of the National Liberation Forces, military courts were the

only functional courts for several months. Practically, the authorities felt that all litigation had

some military importance, so they were under the jurisdiction of military courts.

For a reliable and complete view on the development of Albanian Criminal Law, as well as the

judicial and legal system in the period of 1939 -1945, the work in this paper was carried out

based on di erent historical documents as well as materials.

Keywords: pro-fascist crime rate(s), fascist crime rate(s), corruption, political crimes, special

military court.

Introduction

Main topic of this manuscript is the development of Albanian legislation in the period

of 1939-1945. The reason for choosing particularly this period is because Albania,

even in the beginning of the new millennium, continues to be a ected by events and

issues of this period which coincides with World War II. "To understand Albanians

in the year 2000 and onwards, one should fi nd important to discover who they were

during the period of 1939-1945," writes Professor Bernd Fischer in one of his books.

In this manner, he wishes to highlight the importance of the creation of the image of

Albanians.

This manuscript aims to address criminal law through detection, analysis, comparison

and explanation in a scientifi c manner, but also by going beyond the Albanian judicial

and legal system and by considering the infl uence of historical circumstances of the

time.