Introduction

• Author: Kõnno, Andres
• Pages: 7-7

2. Introduction

ａ｣｣ｯｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｯ ｓｴ｡ｴｩｳｴｩ｣ｳ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｛Ｑ｝Ｌ ｴｨ･ ･ｳｴｩｭ｡ｴ･ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡Ｌ ｡ｳ ｡ｴ Ｑｳｴ ｊ｡ｮｵ｡ｲｹ ＲＰＲＰＬ ｷ｡ｳ ＱＬＳＲＸＬＳＶＰＮ

ａ｣｣ｯｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ ｣･ｮｳｵｳ ｯｦ ＲＰＱＱ ｲ･ｰｲ･ｳ･ｮｴ｡ｴｩｶ･ｳ ｯｦ ＱＹＲ ､ｩｦｦ･ｲ･ｮｴ ｮ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｣ｵｲｲ･ｮｴｬｹ ｬｩｶ･ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｣ｯｵｮｴｲｹＮ ＶＸＬＷ Ｅ

ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｩｮｨ｡｢ｩｴ｡ｮｴｳ ｯｦ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｡ｲ･ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮｳＬ ＳＱＬＳＥ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ､･ｦｩｮ･ｳ ｩｴｳ･ｬｦ ｡ｳ ｳｴ｡ｮ､ｩｮｧ ｦｯｲ ｳｯｭ･ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｮ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ

ｧｲｯｵｰＮ ｔｨ･ ｮｵｭ･ｲｯｵｳ ｭｩｮｯｲｩｴｩ･ｳ ｩｮ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｡ｲ･ ｒｵｳｳｩ｡ｮｳ Ｈ｡｢ｯｵｴ ＲＵＥ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮＩＬ ｕｫｲ｡ｩｮｩ｡ｮｳ ＨｾＲＥ ｯｦ ｴｨ･

ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮＩＬ＠ｂ･ｬｯｲｵｳｳｩ｡ｮｳ＠ＨｾＱＥ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮＩ＠｡ｮ､＠ｆｩｮｮｳ＠ＨｾＰＬＶＥ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ｰｯｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮＩＮ

ｉｮ ＲＰＱＸＬ ｴｨ･ ｇｄｐ ｯｦ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｷ｡ｳ 󰞭ＲＶ ｢ｩｬｬｩｯｮ［ ｇｄｐ ｰ･ｲ ｣｡ｰｩｴ｡ ｷ｡ｳ 󰞭ＱＹＬＶＹＵＬ ｷｨｩ｣ｨ ｷ｡ｳ 󰞭ＱＬＶＴＷ ｭｯｲ･ ｴｨ｡ｮ ｡ ｹ･｡ｲ

･｡ｲｬｩ･ｲＮ ａ｣｣ｯｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｯ ｓｴ｡ｴｩｳｴｩ｣ｳ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡Ｌ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡Ｇｳ ｧｲｯｳｳ ､ｯｭ･ｳｴｩ｣ ｰｲｯ､ｵ｣ｴ ＨｇｄｐＩ ｧｲ･ｷ ＴＮＲ ｰ･ｲ｣･ｮｴ ｯｮ ｹ･｡ｲ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｴｨｩｲ､

ｱｵ｡ｲｴ･ｲ ｯｦ ＲＰＱＹＮ ｔｨ･ ｢ｩｧｧ･ｳｴ ｣ｯｮｴｲｩ｢ｵｴｯｲ ｴｯ ･｣ｯｮｯｭｩ｣ ｧｲｯｷｴｨ ｷ｡ｳ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｣ｯｭｭｵｮｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮ ｳ･｣ｴｯｲＮ ｉｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ

｡ｮ､ ｣ｯｭｭｵｮｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮ ｷ｡ｳ ｦｯｬｬｯｷ･､ ｢ｹ ｡ｧｲｩ｣ｵｬｴｵｲ･Ｌ ｦｯｲ･ｳｴｲｹ ｡ｮ､ ｦｩｳｨｩｮｧＬ ｰｲｯｦ･ｳｳｩｯｮ｡ｬＬ ｳ｣ｩ･ｮｴｩｦｩ｣ ｡ｮ､ ｴ･｣ｨｮｩ｣｡ｬ ｡｣ｴｩｶｩｴｩ･ｳＬ

ｷｨｯｬ･ｳ｡ｬ･ ｡ｮ､ ｲ･ｴ｡ｩｬ ｴｲ｡､･Ｌ ｡ｮ､ ｭ｡ｮｵｦ｡｣ｴｵｲｩｮｧＬ ｴｲ｡ｮｳｰｯｲｴ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｳｴｯｲ｡ｧ･Ｎ ｔｨ･ ｵｮ･ｭｰｬｯｹｭ･ｮｴ ｲ｡ｴ･ ｡ｴ ＲＰＱＹ ｷ｡ｳ ＴＬＴＥ［

ｴｨ･＠｡ｶ･ｲ｡ｧ･＠ｭｯｮｴｨｬｹ＠ｧｲｯｳｳ＠ｷ｡ｧ･＠ｩｮ＠Ｓｲ､＠ｱｵ｡ｲｴ･ｲ＠ＲＰＱＹ＠ｷ｡ｳ＠ＱＳＹＷ＠･ｵｲｯｳＮ

ｔｨ･ ｣･ｮｴｲｩｳｴ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ ｰ｡ｲｴｩ･ｳ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｢･･ｮ ｶ･ｲｹ ｷ･ｬｬ ｰｲ･ｳ･ｮｴ･､ ｩｮ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣ｳＮ ｔｨ｡ｴ ｨ｡ｳ ｳｯｭ･ｷｨ｡ｴ ｲ･｣･ｮｴｬｹ ｣ｨ｡ｮｧ･､Ｌ

｡ｬｳｯ ｩｮ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｡ｰｰｲｯｶ｡ｬ ｩｮ ＲＰＱＴ ｯｦ ｡ ｬ･ｧｩｳｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｮ ｨｯｭｯｳ･ｸｵ｡ｬ ｭ｡ｲｲｩ｡ｧ･Ｎ ｔｨ･ ｰｯｬ｡ｲｩｺ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ ｬ｡ｮ､ｳ｣｡ｰ･

ｷ｡ｳ ｮｯｴ｡｢ｬ･ ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ ｰ｡ｲｬｩ｡ｭ･ｮｴ｡ｲｹ ･ｬ･｣ｴｩｯｮｳ ｩｮ ｆ･｢ｲｵ｡ｲｹ ＲＰＱＵ ｡ｮ､ ｴｨ･ ｳｬ｡ｳｨ ｧｲ･ｷ ･ｶ･ｮ ､･･ｰ･ｲ ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ ＲＰＱＹ ･ｬ･｣ｴｩｯｮｳＮ ａｳ ｡

ｲ･ｳｵｬｴ ｴｨ･ ｲ･ｰｲ･ｳ･ｮｴ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｲｩｧｨｴＭｷｩｮｧ ｣ｯｮｳ･ｲｶ｡ｴｩｶ･ｳ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳ･､ ｦｲｯｭ Ｗ ｴｯ ＱＹ ｳ･｡ｴｳ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｐ｡ｲｬｩ｡ｭ･ｮｴＮ ｔｨ･ ｦｵｲｴｨ･ｲ

ｴ･ｮ､･ｮ｣ｩ･ｳ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｬ｡ｲｩｺ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｯｰｩｮｩｯｮ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｢･･ｮ ｮｯｴ｡｢ｬ･Ｌ ･ｳｰ･｣ｩ｡ｬｬｹ ｩｮ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｲｨ･ｴｯｲｩ｣ｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｩｳ ｵｳ･､ ｩｮ ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣

ｳｰｨ･ｲ･Ｎ ｓｩｮ｣･ ＲＰＱＹ ｊｵｮ･ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｨ｡ｳ ｡ ｮ･ｷ ｣ｯｮｳ･ｲｶ｡ｴｩｶ･ ｣ｯ｡ｬｩｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｋ･ｳｫ･ｲ｡ｫｯｮ､ Ｈｭｯ､･ｲ｡ｴ･ｳＩＬ ｉｳ｡ｭ｡｡ Ｈｫｮｯｷｮ ｡ｳ ｴｨ･

ｃｨｲｩｳｴｩ｡ｮＭ､･ｭｯ｣ｲ｡ｴｳ＠ｩｮ＠ｴｨ･＠ｲ･ｳｴ＠ｯｦ＠ｅｵｲｯｰ･Ｉ＠｡ｮ､＠ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ＠ｃｯｮｳ･ｲｶ｡ｴｩｶ･＠ｎ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬｩｳｴ＠ｐ｡ｲｴｹＮ

ｔｨ･ ｭ｡ｩｮ ｡ｮ､ ｧｲｯｷｩｮｧ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｲｮ ｯｦ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｭ｡ｲｫ･ｴ ｦｯｲ ＲＰＱＹ Ｈ｡ｳ ｩｴ ｨ｡ｳ ｢･･ｮ ｡ｬｳｯ ｴｨ･ ｣｡ｳ･ ｩｮ ｬ｡ｳｴ ｦ･ｷ ｹ･｡ｲｳＩ ｩｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ

ｴｨ･ ｬｯ｣｡ｬ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｧｲｯｵｰｳ ｡ｲ･ ｬｯｳｩｮｧ ｡､ｶ･ｲｴｩｳｩｮｧ ｲ･ｶ･ｮｵ･ｳＬ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳｩｮｧｬｹ ｣ｯｬｬ･｣ｴ･､ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ｩｮｴ･ｲｮ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ ｉｮｴ･ｲｮ･ｴ ｰｬ｡ｴｦｯｲｭｳＮ

ｈｯｷ･ｶ･ｲ ｴｨ･ ｰｲｩｮｴ･､ ｰｲ･ｳｳ ｨ｡ｳ ｭ｡ｩｮｴ｡ｩｮ･､ ｩｴｳ ｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｬ ｳｴ｡ｴｵｳ ｡ｳ ｡ ｲ･ｬｩ｡｢ｬ･ ｳｯｵｲ｣･ ｯｦ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮＬ ｡ｬｴｨｯｵｧｨ ｩｴｳ ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮ｣･ ｡ｳ

｡ｮ ｡､ｶ･ｲｴｩｳｩｮｧ ｣ｨ｡ｮｮ･ｬ ｨ｡ｳ ｢･｣ｯｭ･ ｭｩｮｩｭ｡ｬＮ ｔｨ･ ｰｯｳｩｴｩｶ･ ｴ･ｮ､･ｮ｣ｹ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｷ｡ｳ ｲ･｣･ｮｴｬｹ ｰｯｩｮｴ･､ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ ｍ･､ｩ｡

ａｬｬｩ｡ｮ｣･＠ｩｳ＠ｴｨ･＠｣ｯｮｳｴ｡ｮｴ＠ｧｲｯｷｴｨ＠ｯｦ＠ｩｮｴ･ｲｮ･ｴ＠ｳ｡ｬ･ｳＮ＠ｔｨｩｳ＠ｩｳ＠｡＠ｴ･ｮ､･ｮ｣ｹ＠ｴｨ｡ｴ＠ｨ｡ｳ＠｢･｣ｯｭ･＠ｮｯｴ｡｢ｬ･＠ｯｮｬｹ＠ｩｮ＠ＲＰＱＹ＠｛Ｒ｝Ｎ

ｕｮｴｩｬ ＲＰＱＹ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｷ｡ｳ ｮｯ ｣｡ｳ･ｳ ｯｦ ｣ｬｯｳｩｮｧ ｡ｮｹ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｡｣ｴｩｶ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｯｵｴｬ･ｴｳ ｩｮ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡Ｌ ･ｶ･ｮ ｩｦ ｴｨ･ｹ ｷ･ｲ･ ｳｴｲｯｮｧｬｹ ｢ｩ｡ｳ･､ ｯｲ

ｰｲｯｰ｡ｧ｡ｮ､ｩｳｴｩ｣Ｎ ｉｮ ＲＰＱＸ ｡ｮ､ ＲＰＱＹ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｧ｡ｩｮ･､ ｳｯｭ･ ｩｮｴ･ｲｮ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ ｡ｴｴ･ｮｴｩｯｮ ｷｩｴｨ ｴｨ･ ｭｯｮ･ｹ ｬ｡ｵｮ､･ｲｩｮｧ ｳ｣｡ｮ､｡ｬｳ ｩｮ

ｄ｡ｮｳｫ･ ｡ｮ､ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｭ｡ｪｯｲ ｓ｣｡ｮ､ｩｮ｡ｶｩ｡ｮ ｢｡ｮｫｳＮ ａｳ ｴｨ･ ｳｵ｢ｪ･｣ｴ ｷ｡ｳ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴ･､ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｦ･｡ｲ ｯｦ ｧｲｯｷｩｮｧ ｒｵｳｳｩ｡ｮ ｩｮｦｬｵ･ｮ｣･ ｩｮ ｴｨ･

ｂ｡ｬｴｩ｣ｳＬ ｩｴ ｲ･ｳｵｬｴ･､ ｷｩｴｨ ｡ ｣ｬｯｳ･ｲ ｭｯｮｩｴｯｲｩｮｧ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｡｣ｴｩｶｩｴｩ･ｳ ｯｦ ｰｲｯｰ｡ｧ｡ｮ､｡ ｣ｨ｡ｮｮ･ｬｳ ｳｵ｣ｨ ｡ｳ ｓｰｵｴｮｩｫ ｡ｮ､ ｒｯｳｳｩｪ｡

ｓ･ｧｯ､ｮｹ｡Ｎ ｂｹ ｬ｡ｴ･ ｏ｣ｴｯ｢･ｲ ＲＰＱＹ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ ｢｡ｮｫｳ ｦｲｯｺ･ ｒｯｳｳｩｪ｡ ｓ･ｧｯ､ｮｹ｡Ｇｳ ｡｣｣ｯｵｮｴｳ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｣ｯｵｮｴｲｹＮ ｉｮ ｄ･｣･ｭ｢･ｲＬ ｴｨ･

｡ｮｴｩＭｭｯｮ･ｹ ｬ｡ｵｮ､･ｲｩｮｧ ｡ｵｴｨｯｲｩｴｹ Ｍ ｴｨ･ ｆｩｮ｡ｮ｣･ ｉｮｴ･ｬｬｩｧ･ｮ｣･ ｕｮｩｴ ＨｆｉｕＩ Ｍ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ･､ ｩｮ､ｩｶｩ､ｵ｡ｬｳ ｷｨｯ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｡ｮ ･ｭｰｬｯｹｭ･ｮｴ

｣ｯｮｴｲ｡｣ｴ ｯｲ ･ｭｰｬｯｹｭ･ｮｴ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴｩｯｮｳｨｩｰ ｷｩｴｨ ｒｯｳｳｩｪ｡ ｓ･ｧｯ､ｮｹ｡ ｯｲ ｓｰｵｴｮｩｫ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｫｮｯｷｩｮｧｬｹ ｳ｡ｮ｣ｴｩｯｮｩｮｧ ｯｲ ｰｲｯｶｩ､ｩｮｧ ｳ･ｲｶｩ｣･ｳ

ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｯｲｧ｡ｮｩｺ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｣ｯｵｬ､ ｲ･ｳｵｬｴ ｩｮ ｣ｲｩｭｩｮ｡ｬ ｬｩ｡｢ｩｬｩｴｹ ｛Ｓ｝Ｎ ａｬｬ ｴｨｩｳ ･ｮ､･､ ｷｩｴｨ ｡ ｭｩ｣ｲｯＭ｣ｲｩｳｩｳ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｢･ｴｷ･･ｮ

ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｡ｮ､ ｒｵｳｳｩ｡ ｯｮ ｴｨ･ ｨｩｧｨ･ｳｴ ｬ･ｶ･ｬ ｛Ｔ｝Ｎ ｔｨｩｳ ｩｳ ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮｴ ｦｯｲ ｴｷｯ ｲ･｡ｳｯｮｳＺ ｡Ｉ ｩｴ ｩｮｴｲｯ､ｵ｣･､ ｡ ｮ･ｷ ｳｴ｡ｴ･ ｬ･ｶ･ｬ ｡ｰｰｲｯ｡｣ｨ

ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｨｯｳｴｩｬ･ ｰｲｯｰ｡ｧ｡ｮ､ｩｳｴｩ｣ ｡｣ｴｩｶｩｴｩ･ｳ ｩｮ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ ｡ｮ､ ｢Ｉ ｩｴ ｨｩｧｨｬｩｴ･､ ｴｨ･ ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮ｣･ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ･ｮｶｩｲｯｮｭ･ｮｴＬ ｴｨ｡ｴ

ｯｴｨ･ｲｷｩｳ･＠ｩｳ＠ｮｯｴ＠ｴｨ｡ｴ＠ｳ･ｬｦＭ･ｶｩ､･ｮｴＬ＠･ｳｰ･｣ｩ｡ｬｬｹ＠ｦｯｲ＠ｴｨ･＠ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮＭｳｰ･｡ｫｩｮｧ＠｡ｵ､ｩ･ｮ｣･＠｛Ｕ｝Ｎ＠

ｏｮ･ ｣｡ｮ ｮ｡ｭ･ ｦｯｵｲ ｢｡ｳｩ｣ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｲｮｳ ｩｮ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｴｯ､｡ｹ󰜚ｳ ｅｳｴｯｮｩ｡ｮ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｭ｡ｲｫ･ｴＺ ＱＩ ｴｨ･ ｧｲｯｷｩｮｧ ｨｯｲｩｺｯｮｴ｡ｬ ｡ｮ､ ＲＩ

ｶ･ｲｴｩ｣｡ｬ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｯｷｮ･ｲｳｨｩｰＬ ＳＩ ｴｨ･ ｢ｩ｡ｳ･､ｮ･ｳｳ ｯｦ ｬｯ｣｡ｬ ｭ･､ｩ｡ Ｈ･ｳｰ･｣ｩ｡ｬｬｹ ｭｵｮｩ｣ｩｰ｡ｬ ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｌ ｢ｵｴ ｮｯｴ ｯｮｬｹ［

ｴｨｩｳ ｩｳ ｡ ｰｲｯ｢ｬ･ｭ ｷｩｴｨ ｮｯ ･｡ｳｹ ｳｯｬｵｴｩｯｮｳＬ ｰ｡ｲｴｬｹ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｲ･｡ｳｯｮ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｩｳ ｮｯ ｴｲ｡､ｩｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｨ｡ｶｩｮｧ ｡ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｯｭ｢ｵ､ｳｭ｡ｮ

Ｍ ｯｲ ｡ｮｹ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｴｹｰ･ ｯｦ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｯｲＩ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｣ｯｵｬ､ ｢･ ｣ｯｭｰ｡ｲ･､ ｴｯ ｶ｡ｲｩｯｵｳ ｡ｮ｡ｬｯｧｯｵｳ ｩｮｳｴｩｴｵｴｩｯｮｳ ｩｮ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｅｵｲｯｰ･｡ｮ

｣ｯｵｮｴｲｩ･ｳＩ＠｡ｮ､＠ＴＩ＠ｷｨ｡ｴ＠ｩｳ＠｡ｬｳｯ＠ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮｴ＠Ｍ＠ｴｨ･＠ｵｮ｣･ｲｴ｡ｩｮｴｹ＠ｲ･ｬ｡ｴ･､＠ｴｯ＠ｴｨ･＠ｦｵｴｵｲ･＠ｯｦ＠ｰｲｩｮｴ＠ｰｲ･ｳｳ＠｡ｮ､＠ｩｮｴ･ｲｮ･ｴ＠ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｭＮ

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