Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

• Author: Kandyla, Anna; Psychogiopoulou, Evangelia
• Pages: 15-16

4. Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

ｔｨ･＠｡ｳｳ･ｳｳｭ･ｮｴ＠ｯｦ＠ｲｩｳｫｳ＠ｴｯ＠ｯｮｬｩｮ･＠ｰｬｵｲ｡ｬｩｳｭ＠､ｯ･ｳ＠ｮｯｴ＠｡ｬｷ｡ｹｳ＠ｭｩｲｲｯｲ＠ｴｨ･＠ｯｶ･ｲ｡ｬｬ＠ｲｩｳｫ＠ｳ｣ｯｲ･＠ｦｯｲ＠･｡｣ｨ＠｡ｲ･｡Ｎ

ｉｮ ｴｨ･ ｡ｲ･｡ ｯｦ ｂ｡ｳｩ｣ ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮＬ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｩｮ､ｩ｣｡ｴｯｲｳ ｳ｣ｯｲ･ ｡ ｭ･､ｩｵｭ ｲｩｳｫ ｳ｣ｯｲ･ ｯｦ ＴＳＮＳＳＥ Ｈｷｨ･ｲ･｡ｳ ｴｨ･ ｯｶ･ｲ｡ｬｬ ｡ｲ･｡ ｳ｣ｯｲ･

ｩｳ ＳＱＥ Ｍ ｬｯｷ ｲｩｳｫＩＮ ｆｲ･･､ｯｭ ｯｦ ･ｸｰｲ･ｳｳｩｯｮ ｳ｡ｦ･ｧｵ｡ｲ､ｳ ｡ｰｰｬｹ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ･ｮｶｩｲｯｮｭ･ｮｴ ｡ｮ､ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｩｳ ｮｯ ･ｶｩ､･ｮ｣･ ｯｦ

ｩｮｴ･ｲｦ･ｲ･ｮ｣･ ｷｩｴｨ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｣ｯｮｴ･ｮｴ ｩｮ ｡ｮ ｡ｲ｢ｩｴｲ｡ｲｹ ｷ｡ｹＮ ｈｯｷ･ｶ･ｲＬ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｩｳ ｳ｣｡ｲ｣ｩｴｹ ｯｦ ､｡ｴ｡ ｯｮ ｷｨ･ｴｨ･ｲ ｯｲ ｮｯｴ ｩｮ､ｩｶｩ､ｵ｡ｬｳ

･ｮｪｯｹ ･ｦｦ･｣ｴｩｶ･ ｭ･｣ｨ｡ｮｩｳｭｳ ｴｯ ｡､､ｲ･ｳｳ ｶｩｯｬ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｯｦ ｦｲ･･ ｳｰ･･｣ｨ ｯｮｬｩｮ･Ｌ ･ｳｰ･｣ｩ｡ｬｬｹ ｡ｳ ｲ･ｧ｡ｲ､ｳ ｡ｮｹ ｳ･ｬｦＭｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｯｲｹ ｴｯｯｬｳ

･ｭｰｬｯｹ･､Ｎ ｍｯｲ･ｯｶ･ｲＬ ､｡ｴ｡ ･ｮ｡｢ｬｩｮｧ ｡ｮ ｡｣｣ｵｲ｡ｴ･ ｡ｳｳ･ｳｳｭ･ｮｴ ｯｦ ｷｨ･ｴｨ･ｲ ｯｲ ｮｯｴ ｩｮｳｴ｡ｮ｣･ｳ ｯｦ ｢ｬｯ｣ｫｩｮｧ ｯｲ ｦｩｬｴ･ｲｩｮｧ ｣ｯｮｴ･ｮｴ

｡ｲ･ ｲ･ｰｯｲｴ･､ ｩｮ ｡ ｴｲ｡ｮｳｰ｡ｲ･ｮｴ ｭ｡ｮｮ･ｲ ｩｳ ｬｩｭｩｴ･､Ｎ ｃｯｮ｣･ｲｮｩｮｧ ｴｨ･ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｩ｣ ｰｲｯｦ･ｳｳｩｯｮＬ ｮｯ ｴｨｲ･｡ｴｳ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｳ｡ｦ･ｴｹ ｯｦ

ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｳ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｢･･ｮ ｳｹｳｴ･ｭ｡ｴｩ｣｡ｬｬｹ ､･ｴ･｣ｴ･､Ｎ ｍｯｲ･ｯｶ･ｲＬ ｴｨ･ ｩｭｰｬ･ｭ･ｮｴ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｇｄｐｒ ｡ｮ､ ｴｨ･ ｴｲ｡ｮｳｰｯｳｩｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｴｨ･

ｄ｡ｴ｡ ｐｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｌ｡ｷ ｅｮｦｯｲ｣･ｭ･ｮｴ ｄｩｲ･｣ｴｩｶ･ Ｈｄｩｲ･｣ｴｩｶ･ ＲＰＱＶＯＶＸＰＩ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｴ｡ｫ･ｮ ｰｬ｡｣･ ｷｩｴｨ ｣｡ｲ･ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｰｲｯｰ･ｲ ･ｸ･ｲ｣ｩｳ･ ｯｦ

ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｭＮ ｗｨ｡ｴ ｲ･ｭ｡ｩｮｳ ｵｮ｣ｬ･｡ｲ ｩｳ ｷｨ･ｴｨ･ｲ ｯｲ ｮｯｴ ｴｨ･ ､｡ｴ｡ ｲ･ｴ･ｮｴｩｯｮ ｯ｢ｬｩｧ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ･ｳｴ｡｢ｬｩｳｨ･､ ｷｨ･ｮ ｴｲ｡ｮｳｰｯｳｩｮｧ

ｄｩｲ･｣ｴｩｶ･ ＲＰＰＶＯＲＴ Ｈｮｯｷ ｡ｮｮｵｬｬ･､Ｉ ｣ｯｭｰｬｹ ｷｩｴｨ ｦｵｮ､｡ｭ･ｮｴ｡ｬ ｲｩｧｨｴｳＮ ａｳ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｩｮ､ｩ｣｡ｴｯｲ 󰜙ｵｮｩｶ･ｲｳ｡ｬ ｲ･｡｣ｨ ｯｦ ｴｲ｡､ｩｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ

ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｡ｮ､ ｡｣｣･ｳｳ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｉｮｴ･ｲｮ･ｴ󰜚Ｌ ｉｓｐｳ ｭ｡ｮ｡ｧ･ ｮ･ｴｷｯｲｫ ｴｲ｡ｦｦｩ｣ ｩｮ ｡ｮ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳｩｮｧｬｹ ｴｲ｡ｮｳｰ｡ｲ･ｮｴ ｡ｮ､ ｮ･ｵｴｲ｡ｬ ｷ｡ｹ ＨｅｅｔｔＬ

ＲＰＱＹＩＮ ｈｯｷ･ｶ･ｲＬ ｢ｲｯ｡､｢｡ｮ､ ｣ｯｶ･ｲ｡ｧ･ ｷ｡ｳ ＶＵＮＹＥ ｩｮ ＲＰＱＸ Ｈｅｵｲｯｰ･｡ｮ ｃｯｭｭｩｳｳｩｯｮＬ ＲＰＱＹＩ ｡ｮ､ ｴｨ･ ｡ｶ･ｲ｡ｧ･ ｉｮｴ･ｲｮ･ｴ

｣ｯｮｮ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｳｰ･･､ ｷ｡ｳ ＱＳＮＴＱ ｭ｢ｰｳ ｩｮ ＲＰＱＹ Ｈｃ｡｢ｬ･Ｎ｣ｯＮｵｫＬ ＲＰＱＹＩＮ ｄ｡ｴ｡ ｯｮ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｉｓｐｳ ｭ｡ｲｫ･ｴ ｩｳ ｮｯｴ ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣ｬｹ

｡ｶ｡ｩｬ｡｢ｬ･Ｎ＠＠

ａ ｭ･､ｩｵｭ ｲｩｳｫ ｳ｣ｯｲ･ ｯｦ ＶＳＥ ｩｳ ｩ､･ｮｴｩｦｩ･､ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｡ｲ･｡ ｯｦ ｍ｡ｲｫ･ｴ ｰｬｵｲ｡ｬｩｴｹ Ｈｷｨｩ｣ｨ ｨ｡ｳ ｡ｮ ｯｶ･ｲ｡ｬｬ ｡ｲ･｡ ｳ｣ｯｲ･ ｯｦ ＶＶＥ Ｍ

ｭ･､ｩｵｭ ｲｩｳｫＩＮ ｎ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ ｬ･ｧｩｳｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ､ｯ･ｳ ｮｯｴ ｳ･ｴ ｦｯｲｴｨ ｲ･ｱｵｩｲ･ｭ･ｮｴｳ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｳ｣ｬｯｳｵｲ･ ｯｦ ｯｷｮ･ｲｳｨｩｰ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｦｯｲ ｡ｬｬ

ｴｹｰ･ｳ ｯｦ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｮ･ｷｳ ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｎ ｃｯｮ｣ｵｲｲ･ｮｴｬｹＬ ､ｩｳ｣ｬｯｳｵｲ･ ｯｦ ｯｷｮ･ｲｳｨｩｰ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｴｯ ､ｯｭ･ｳｴｩ｣ ｡ｵｴｨｯｲｩｴｩ･ｳ Ｍ ･ｶ･ｮ ｵｰ ｴｯ ｴｨ･

󰜙ｵｬｴｩｭ｡ｴ･ ｯｷｮ･ｲ󰜚 Ｍ ､ｯ･ｳ ｮｯｴ ｮ･｣･ｳｳ｡ｲｩｬｹ ･ｮｴ｡ｩｬ ､ｩｳ｣ｬｯｳｵｲ･ ｯｦ ｯｷｮ･ｲｳｨｩｰ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣Ｎ ｉｴ ｩｳ ｩｮ､ｩ｣｡ｴｩｶ･ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･

ｏｮｬｩｮ･ ｎ･ｷｳ ｍ･､ｩ｡ ｒ･ｧｩｳｴ･ｲＬ ｷｨｩ｣ｨ ｣ｯｮｴ｡ｩｮｳ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｮ ｯｷｮ･ｲｳｨｩｰ ､･ｴ｡ｩｬｳＬ ｣｡ｮ ｯｮｬｹ ｢･ ｡｣｣･ｳｳ･､ ｢ｹ ｲ･ｧｩｳｴ･ｲ･､

ｭ･ｭ｢･ｲｳＮ ｔｨ･ ｯｷｮ･ｲｳｨｩｰ ｬｩｭｩｴ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｩｮｴｲｯ､ｵ｣･､ ｴｯ ｰｲ･ｶ･ｮｴ ｡ ｨｩｧｨ ､･ｧｲ･･ ｯｦ ｨｯｲｩｺｯｮｴ｡ｬ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ ､ｯ ｮｯｴ ｲ･ｦｬ･｣ｴ ｴｨ･

｣ｨ｡ｮｧ･ｳ ｢ｲｯｵｧｨｴ ｴｯ ｴｨ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ･｣ｯｳｹｳｴ･ｭ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｲ･ｶｯｬｵｴｩｯｮＮ ｔｨｩｳ ｩｳ ｡ｬｳｯ ｴｨ･ ｣｡ｳ･ ｡ｳ ｲ･ｧ｡ｲ､ｳ ｴｨ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｍｳｰ･｣ｩｦｩ｣

ｲｵｬ･ｳ ･ｮ｡｣ｴ･､ ｴｯ ｣ｯｵｮｴ･ｲ ｢ｯｴｨ ｨｯｲｩｺｯｮｴ｡ｬ ｡ｮ､ ｣ｲｯｳｳＭｭ･､ｩ｡ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｮ ｴｨ･ ｢｡ｳｩｳ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｰｴ ｯｦ 󰜙｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ

｣ｯｮｴｲｯｬ󰜚Ｎ ｓｵ｣ｨ ､･ｦｩ｣ｩ･ｮ｣ｩ･ｳ ｡ｲ･ ｳｵｰｰｬ･ｭ･ｮｴ･､ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ｬ｡｣ｫ ｯｦ ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣ｬｹ ｡ｶ｡ｩｬ｡｢ｬ･ ､｡ｴ｡ ｯｮ ｣ｯｮ｣･ｮｴｲ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｮ｡ｴｩｶ･

ｮ･ｷｳ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｭ｡ｲｫ･ｴ ｡ｮ､ ｡｣ｲｯｳｳ ､ｩｦｦ･ｲ･ｮｴ ｮ･ｷｳ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｭ｡ｲｫ･ｴｳ ＨｩＮ･Ｎ ｴｨ･ ｡ｵ､ｩｯｶｩｳｵ｡ｬＬ ｲ｡､ｩｯＬ ｮ･ｷｳｰ｡ｰ･ｲｳ ｡ｮ､ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｮ｡ｴｩｶ･

ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｭ｡ｲｫ･ｴｳＩＮ ｓｨｯｲｴ｣ｯｭｩｮｧｳ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｡ｶ｡ｩｬ｡｢ｩｬｩｴｹ ｯｦ ､｡ｴ｡ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｡ｬｳｯ ｢･･ｮ ｩ､･ｮｴｩｦｩ･､ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｩｮ､ｩ｣｡ｴｯｲｳ ｏｮｬｩｮ･ ｰｬ｡ｴｦｯｲｭｳ

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