La Comisión publica recomendaciones para asegurar la coexistencia de cultivos transgénicos, orgánicos y tradicionales
La Comisión Europea publicó recientemente las tan esperadas directrices para asegurar la coexistencia de cultivos genéticamente modificados (GM) con la agricultura convencional y la orgánica. Las directrices guiarán a los Estados miembros a la hora de establecer medidas para la coexistencia, de conformidad con la legislación de la UE sobre la materia.
La Comisión ha impuesto su planteamiento suave , en el que los Estados miembros tendrán la última palabra a la hora de optar por el modelo de coexistencia que prefieran. Incluso se sugiere que la coexistencia se podría regular mediante acuerdos de ámbito local entre agricultores o entre agricultores e industria.
Es muy probable que este planteamiento de soft-law , en lugar de un reglamento o una directiva con fuerza normativa, no guste a las asociaciones ecologistas ni a eurodiputados verdes , que habían pedido a la Comisión un planteamiento más firme de la cuestión.
Por ello, no sería de extrañar que, como anunciábamos hace unos meses, el asunto de la coexistencia se convierta en un nuevo capítulo de la historia interminable de la aceptación de la biotecnología en la UE.
¿Qué se regula a nivel nacional?
Lo que las directrices dejan a cargo de los Estados Miembros es definir los umbrales de etiquetado (que deberá en todo caso respetar el umbral comunitario) y las normas de pureza para la comida, la alimentación y la semilla transgénica.
Además, las medidas deberán ser específicas para cada tipo de cultivo, ya que la probabilidad de que los cultivos tradicionales se vean contaminadas con material transgénico varía considerablemente de una cosecha a otra. Así mientras que para algunas cosechas la probabilidad es alta (por ejemplo semillas oleaginosas) para otras la probabilidad es bastante baja (por ejemplo las patatas).
Las estrategias nacionales de coexistencia y las llamadas mejores prácticas deberán incluir distancias de aislamiento en las plantaciones, zonas tapón , barreras de polen tales como setos, cooperación entre explotaciones agrícolas vecinas (tales como información sobre planes de siembra), planes de formación para los agricultores, etc.
¿Y por qué no la UE?
En cuanto a la debatida cuestión de porqué serán los Estados...
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