El TJCE respalda una directiva comunitaria sobre invenciones biotecnológicas.
Author | Sebastián Romero Melchor |
Position | Abogado |
Según el fallo, la directiva regula las patentes de forma suficientemente estricta para garantizar que el cuerpo humano permanece inalienable y excluido de las patentes y para asegurar el mantenimiento de la dignidad humana.
Los Países Bajos, respaldados por Italia y Noruega, habían solicitado al TJCE que anulara la directiva por considerar que ni las plantas, ni los animales, ni material biológico humano alguno pueden ser objeto de patentes.
En defensa de su postura, el gobierno neerlandés había expresado que la directiva, al permitir la concesión de patentes para partes aisladas del cuerpo humano, negaba su naturaleza inalienable, que es un elemento del derecho fundamental a la dignidad humana y a la integridad.
El TJCE, sin embargo, decidió que la directiva prevé una protección suficiente porque no permite que el cuerpo humano sea una invención objeto de patente en ninguna de sus fases de formación y desarrollo.
La Sentencia del TJCE afirma además que las obligaciones internacionales de los Estados miembros no se ven contradichas por las posibilidades de patentar invenciones biotecnológicas.
En opinión del TJCE, ni el Acuerdo sobre Aspectos Comerciales Internacionales de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual, ni el Acuerdo sobre Obstáculos Técnicos al Comercio, ni la Convención de Río sobre Diversidad Biológica impiden a los países que los han suscrito que coordinen sus actividades en el ámbito a través de una directiva comunitaria.
El TJCE añade que sólo pueden ser patentadas las invenciones que combinan un elemento natural con un proceso tecnológico...
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