Trazabilidad: La UE propone identificar electrónicamente al ganado
Un experimento de gran envergadura consistente en marcar electrónicamente al ganado llevado a cabo en seis países de la UE ha demostrado que la identificación electrónica del ganado permite una mejora sustancial en su rastreabilidad y que no hay ningún impedimento de carácter técnico para su práctica en relación con el ganado vacuno, búfalos, ovejas y cabras en la UE.
Sin embargo, varios Estados miembros de la UE han subrayado ya la necesidad de una evaluación de los costes de este procedimiento antes del establecimiento permanente de un sistema de identificación (electrónico o no) de los animales.
En una reunión organizada el pasado 5 de mayo, la Comisión Europea publicó los resultados del proyecto IDEA (determinación electrónica de animales), que se llevaron a cabo desde marzo de 1998 a diciembre de 2001. Durante dicho proyecto se identificaron electrónicamente un millón de reses en Francia, Alemania, Italia, Países Bajos, Portugal y España.
El experimento exploró la viabilidad de introducir diversos sistemas de identificación a escala comunitaria del ganado (ganado, búfalos, ovejas y cabras), determinando también la estructura organizativa de medios materiales necesaria para llevarlos a cabo.
Los identificadores electrónicos contienen un microprocesador codificado con el código individual de determinación del animal que no puede cambiarse. Este código es leído por un lector electrónico, que conectado con un ordenador hace el registro del animal directamente. Sin conexión, el lector se limita a identificar el código, procediéndose al registro y seguimiento del animal manualmente.
En declaraciones relativas al experimento, el Comisario de Investigación de la UE, Philippe Busquin, ha calificado el sistema de identificación electrónica como un sistema "esencial" para la identificación individual del ganado en la UE para prevenir la comisión fraudes agrícolas en materia de subvenciones y reforzar los controles de salud y seguridad. En este sentido ha declarado que: "Esto es crucial para identificar a los animales durante los brotes graves de enfermedades animales tales como la fiebre aftosa".
Los dispositivos electrónicos que se utilizarán tienen que permanecer con los animales a lo largo de toda su vida y tienen que ser recuperables al tiempo de la matanza. Asimismo, soportarán condiciones de campo y serán legibles tanto si el animal está inmóvil o en movimiento. Por su parte, su uso debería ser suficientemente rentable para justificar su...
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