Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

• Author: Batorfy, Attila; Galambosi, Eszter; Hammer, Ferenc
• Pages: 18-19

4. Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

ｔｨｩｳ ｹ･｡ｲ ｴｨ･ ｍｐｍ ､･､ｩ｣｡ｴ･ｳ ｡ ｳ･ｰ｡ｲ｡ｴ･ ｳ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｦｯｲ ｡ｳｳ･ｳｳｩｮｧ ｲｩｳｫｳ ｦｯｲ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｰｬｵｲ｡ｬｩｳｭ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｬｩｧｨｴ ｯｦ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ

･ｮｶｩｲｯｮｭ･ｮｴｳ ｡ｮ､ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｎ ｔｨ･ ｩｳｳｵ･ｳ ･ｭ･ｲｧ･､ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｰ｡ｳｴ ｦ･ｷ ｹ･｡ｲｳ ｮｯｴ ｯｮｬｹ ｩｮ ｡｣｡､･ｭｩ｡ ｢ｵｴ ｡ｬｳｯ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ･ｶ･ｲｹ､｡ｹ

､ｩｳ｣ｵｳｳｩｯｮｳ ｲ･ｧ｡ｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｷｯｲｬ､ ｡ｲ･ ｷ･｡ｫｬｹ ｡､､ｲ･ｳｳ･､ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｩ｡ｮ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｰｯｬｩ｣ｹ ｭ｡ｫｩｮｧＮ ｃ･ｲｴ｡ｩｮ

ｴｯｰｩ｣ｳＬ ｬｩｫ･ ｴｨ･ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｴ｡ｸ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｰｬ｡ｴｦｯｲｭｳ ｬｩｫ･ ｆ｡｣･｢ｯｯｫ ｯｲ ａｬｰｨ｡｢･ｴＬ ｯｲ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｰｲｩｶ｡｣ｹ ｡ｲ･ ｯｮ ｴｨ･

ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ＠｡ｧ･ｮ､｡Ｌ＠｢ｵｴ＠ｭｯｳｴ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･ｭ＠｡ｲ･＠ｯｮｬｹ＠｡＠ｰ｡ｲｴ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ＠｣ｯｭｭｵｮｩ｣｡ｴｩｯｮＬ＠｡ｮ､＠｡ｲ･＠ｮｯｴ＠ｲ･｡ｬｬｹ＠ｰｵｴ＠ｩｮ＠｡｣ｴｩｯｮＮ

ｒ･ｧ｡ｲ､ｩｮｧ ｴｨ･ ･ｮｴｩｲ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ･｣ｯｳｹｳｴ･ｭＬ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｡ｲ･ｮ󰜚ｴ ｡ｮｹ ｳｰ･｣ｩｦｩ｣ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｦｯｲ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｌ ｯｲ ｡ｮｹ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ ｷｨｩ｣ｨ

ｷｯｵｬ､＠ｴｲｹ＠ｴｯ＠ｴｲ･｡ｴ＠ｴｨ･＠｣ｨ｡ｬｬ･ｮｧ･ｳ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ＠ｷｯｲｬ､Ｎ＠ｔｨｩｳ＠ｩｳ＠ｴｲｵ･＠ｦｯｲ＠｡ｬｭｯｳｴ＠｡ｬｬ＠ｴｨ･＠｡ｲ･｡ｳ＠｡ｮ､＠ｩｮ､ｩ｣｡ｴｯｲｳ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ｍｐｍＮ

ｂ｡ｳｩ｣＠ｐｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ

ｔｨ･ ｩｮｴｲｯ､ｵ｣ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｇｄｐｒ ｩｮ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｹ ｣｡ｵｳ･､ ｭｩｮｩｭ｡ｬ ｰｲｯ｢ｬ･ｭｳ ｦｯｲ ｭｯｳｴ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｣ｯｭｰ｡ｮｩ･ｳＬ ｢ｵｴ ｡ｳ ｷ･ ｨ｡ｶ･

ｳ･･ｮＬ ｴｨ･ ｧｯｯ､ ｩｮｴ･ｮｴｩｯｮｳ ｢･ｨｩｮ､ ｴｨ･ ｇｄｐｒ ｣｡ｮ ｢･ ｵｳ･､ ｡ｧ｡ｩｮｳｴ ｴｨ･ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｩ｣ ｷｯｲｫＮ ｔｨ･ ｵｮｩｶ･ｲｳ｡ｬ ｰｲｩｮ｣ｩｰｬ･ｳ ｳｨ｡ｬｬ ｢･

｡ｰｰｬｩ･､ ｴｯ ･ｶ･ｲｹｯｮ･ ｲ･ｧ｡ｲ､ｬ･ｳｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｳｯｭ･ｯｮ･ ｩｳ ｡ ｮｯｲｭ｡ｬ ｣ｩｴｩｺ･ｮＬ ｡ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣ｩ｡ｮＬ ｡ ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣ ｦｩｧｵｲ･ ｯｲ ｡ ｰｯｷ･ｲｦｵｬ ｢ｵｳｩｮ･ｳｳｭ｡ｮＮ

ｔｨ･ ｯｮｧｯｩｮｧ ｬ｡ｷｳｵｩｴ ｡ｧ｡ｩｮｳｴ ｆｯｲ｢･ｳ ｳｨｯｷｳ ｴｨ･ ｡ｮｯｭ｡ｬｩ･ｳ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｩｴ ｣｡ｮ ｭ｡ｫ･ ｩｭｰｯｳｳｩ｢ｬ･ ｴｨ･ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｩ｣

ｷｯｲｫ ｩｦ ｣･ｲｴ｡ｩｮ ｫｩｮ､ ｯｦ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ･ｸｴｲ｡｣ｴ･､ ｦｲｯｭ ｣ｯｭｰ｡ｮｹ ｲ･ｧｩｳｴｲｹ ､｡ｴ｡Ｌ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｡ｲ｣ｨｩｶ･ｳＬ ｧｯｶ･ｲｮｭ･ｮｴ ､ｯ｣ｵｭ･ｮｴｳ ｯｲ

｣ｯｮｴｲ｡｣ｴｳ＠｣｡ｮ󰜚ｴ＠｢･＠ｵｳ･､＠ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣ｬｹ＠ｩｮ＠｡ｲｴｩ｣ｬ･ｳＮ

ｐｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｩ｣ ｷｯｲｫ ｩｳ ｶ･ｲｹ ｷ･｡ｫ ｩｮ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｹ ｯｮ ｭ｡ｮｹ ｬ･ｶ･ｬｳＮ ｗｨｩｬ･ ｳｵｲｶ･ｩｬｬ｡ｮ｣･ ｯｦ ｣ｩｴｩｺ･ｮｳ ｦｯｲｭ｡ｬｬｹ ｩｳ ｶ･ｲｹ

､ｩｦｦｩ｣ｵｬｴ ｦｯｲ ｳｴ｡ｴ･ ｳ･｣ｵｲｩｴｹ ｡ｧ･ｮ｣ｩ･ｳＬ ｷｨ｡ｴ ｷ･ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｳ･･ｮ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｰ｡ｳｴ ｦ･ｷ ｹ･｡ｲｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｣ｯｵｮｴｲｩ･ｳ ｴ｡ｫ･ ｧｩ｡ｮｴ ｳｴ･ｰｳ ｴｯｷ｡ｲ､ｳ ｴｯｴ｡ｬ

ｳｵｲｶ･ｩｬｬ｡ｮ｣･ ｢ｹ ｣ｯｮｮ･｣ｴｩｮｧ ､｡ｴ｡｢｡ｳ･ｳＬ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｦｩｮｧ･ｲｰｲｩｮｴｳＬ ｣｣ｴｶ ｦｯｯｴ｡ｧ･ｳＬ ｶｯｩ｣･ ｲ･｣ｯｲ､ｩｮｧｳＮ ｄｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｰｬ｡ｴｦｯｲｭｳ ｬｩｫ･

ｆ｡｣･｢ｯｯｫ ｳ･ｬｬ ､｡ｴ｡ ｯｮ ｣ｩｴｩｺ･ｮｳ ｴｯ ｳｨ｡､ｹ ｣ｯｭｰ｡ｮｩ･ｳ ｡ｮ､ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ ｰ｡ｲｴｩ･ｳＮ ｔｨ･ｳ･ ｩｳｳｵ･ｳ ｡ｲ･ ｮｯｴ ｡､､ｲ･ｳｳ･､ ｯｮ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ

ｬ･ｶ･ｬ＠ｩｮ＠ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｹＮ

ｍ｡ｲｫ･ｴ＠ｐｬｵｲ｡ｬｩｴｹ

ｖｩ｡｢ｩｬｩｴｹ ｯｦ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｰｯｳｳ･ｳｳ ｨｩｧｨ ｲｩｳｫ ｩｮ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｹＮ ｗｨｩｬ･ ｴｨ･ ｡､ｶ･ｲｴｩｳｩｮｧ ｲ･ｶ･ｮｵ･ｳ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｳ･｣ｴｯｲ ｩｳ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳｩｮｧ

ｩｮ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｹＬ ｭｯｲ･ ｴｨ｡ｮ ＵＰ ｰ･ｲ｣･ｮｴ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｡､ｶ･ｲｴｩｳｩｮｧ ｲ･ｶ･ｮｵ･ｳ ｧｯ･ｳ ｦｯｲ ｆ｡｣･｢ｯｯｫ ｡ｮ､ ｇｯｯｧｬ･Ｎ ｓｴｲ･ｮｧｴｨ･ｮｩｮｧ ｴｨ･

｡､ｶ･ｲｴｩｳｩｮｧＬ ｡ｮ､ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｴｹｰ･ｳ ｯｦ ｲ･ｶ･ｮｵ･ｳ ｦｯｲ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｮ･ｷｳ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｷｯｵｬ､ ｢･ ｶｩｴ｡ｬ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｩ｡ｮ ､･ｭｯ｣ｲ｡ｴｩ｣ ｰｵ｢ｬｩ｣Ｌ

ｳｩｮ｣･ ｭｯｳｴ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｭｯｳｴ ｲ･ｬｩ｡｢ｬ･ ｮ･ｷｳ ｳｯｵｲ｣･ｳ ｡ｮ､ ｱｵ｡ｬｩｴｹ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｭ ｩｳ ｯｮｬｹ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｩｮ ｈｵｮｧ｡ｲｹＮ ｕｮｦｯｲｴｵｮ｡ｴ･ｬｹＬ ｭｯｳｴ ｯｦ

ｴｨ･ ､ｩｳｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮＬ ｦ｡ｫ･ ｮ･ｷｳＬ ｨ｡ｴ･ ｳｰ･･｣ｨ ｡ｮ､ ｣ｯｮｳｰｩｲ｡｣ｹ ｴｨ･ｯｲｩ･ｳ ｡ｲ･ ｡ｬｳｯ ｳｰｲ･｡､ ｯｮｬｩｮ･Ｌ ｢ｵｴ ｴｨ･ ｲ･｡｣ｨ ｯｦ ｭ･､ｩ｡

ｬｩｴ･ｲ｡｣ｹ＠ｷｯｲｫｳｨｯｰｳ＠ｰｲｯｶｩ､･､＠｢ｹ＠ｴｨ･＠ｍ･､ｩ｡＠ａｵｴｨｯｲｩｴｹ＠｡ｮ､＠ｮｯｮＭｧｯｶ･ｲｮｭ･ｮｴ｡ｬ＠ｯｲｧ｡ｮｩｺ｡ｴｩｯｮｳ＠ｩｳ＠ｬｯｷＮ

Page 18 The Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom is co-financed by the European Union