Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

• Author: Lourenço, Raquel; Baptista, Carla; Rui Nunes Cádima, Francisco; Oliveira Martins, Luís; Torres da Silva, Marisa
• Pages: 15-16

4. Pluralism in the online environment: assessment of the risks

ａｳ ｳ｡ｩ､Ｌ ｩｮ ｴ･ｲｭｳ ｯｦ ｳｯｵｲ｣･ｳ ｯｦ ｮ･ｷｳＬ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｮ･ｷｳ ｦｲｯｭ ｷ･｢ｳｩｴ･ｳＬ ｰｯｲｴ｡ｬｳＬ ｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｬ ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｌ ｡ｮ､ ｡ｧｧｲ･ｧ｡ｴｯｲｳ ｲ･ｰｲ･ｳ･ｮｴｳ ｡

ｭｩｮｯｲ ｰ｡ｲｴ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｡｣｣･ｳｳ ｴｯ ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･ ｐｯｲｴｵｧｵ･ｳ･ ＨＳＸＥＩＬ ｢･ｩｮｧ ｴｨ･ ｶ｡ｳｴ ｭ｡ｪｯｲｩｴｹ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｡｣｣･ｳｳ ｲ･ｬ｡ｴ･､ ｴｯ

ｴｲ｡､ｩｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ＠ｭ･､ｩ｡＠ｳ･｣ｴｯｲｳＮ

ｉｮ ｴｨ･ｩｲ ｡ｳｳ･ｳｳｭ･ｮｴ ｯｦ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｰｬｵｲ｡ｬｩｳｭＬ ＷＷＥ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｐｯｲｴｵｧｵ･ｳ･ ｰ･ｯｰｬ･ ｡ｲｧｵ･ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｩｳ ｡ ､ｩｶ･ｲｳｩｴｹ ｯｦ ｯｰｩｮｩｯｮｳ ｡ｮ､

ｰｯｩｮｴｳ ｯｦ ｶｩ･ｷ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｮ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ ｭ｡ｩｮｳｴｲ･｡ｭ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ＨｅｓＹＰＩＮ ｏｮ ｴｨ･ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｨ｡ｮ､Ｌ ､ｩｲ･｣ｴ ｡｣｣･ｳｳ ｴｯ ｮ･ｷｳ ｷ･｢ ｳｩｴ･ｳ Ｈｬ･ｧ｡｣ｹ

ｭ･､ｩ｡Ｉ ｩｳ ､･｣ｲ･｡ｳｩｮｧ ｡ｮ､ ｴｨ･ ｵｳ･ ｯｦ ｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｬ ｮ･ｴｷｯｲｫｳ ｩｮ ｴｨｩｳ ｦｩ･ｬ､ ｩｳ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳｩｮｧＬ ｴｨｩｳ ｢･ｩｮｧ ｴｨ･ ｭ･｡ｮｳ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ ｐｯｲｴｵｧｵ･ｳ･

ｵｳ･＠ｭｯｳｴ＠ｴｯ＠ｧ･ｴ＠ｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ＠ｯｮｬｩｮ･Ｌ＠｡ｬｴｨｯｵｧｨ＠ｷｩｴｨ＠ｬｯｷ＠｣ｯｮｦｩ､･ｮ｣･＠ｬ･ｶ･ｬｳＬ＠ｩｮ＠ｴｨ･＠ｯｲ､･ｲ＠ｯｦ＠ＲＷＥ＠Ｈｒ･ｵｴ･ｲｳ＠ＲＰＱＹＩＮ

ａｮ､ ｩｴ ｳｨｯｵｬ､ ｢･ ｮｯｴ･､ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ ｳｰｨ･ｲ･Ｌ ｴｨ･ｲ･ ｩｳ ｡ ｦ｡ｬｬ ｩｮ ｣ｯｮｦｩ､･ｮ｣･ ｩｮ ｰｯｬｩｴｩ｣｡ｬ ｰ｡ｲｴｩ･ｳＬ ｩｮ ｧｯｶ･ｲｮｭ･ｮｴ ｡ｮ､

ｰ｡ｲｬｩ｡ｭ･ｮｴＬ ｡ｳ ｷ･ｬｬ ｡ｳ ｩｮ ｳ｡ｴｩｳｦ｡｣ｴｩｯｮ ｷｩｴｨ ､･ｭｯ｣ｲ｡｣ｹＬ ｡ｦｴ･ｲ ｡ ｧｲｯｷｴｨ ｴｲ･ｮ､ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｳ･･ｭｳ ｴｯ ｨ｡ｶ･ ｲ･｡｣ｨ･､ ｩｴｳ ｰ･｡ｫ ｩｮ ｳｰｲｩｮｧ

ＲＰＱＸＮ ｏｮｬｹ ｯｮ･ ｩｮ ｦｯｵｲ ｮ｡ｴｩｯｮ｡ｬｳ ｴｲｵｳｴｳ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｬ ｮ･ｴｷｯｲｫｳＮ ｔｨ･ｳ･ ｦｩｧｵｲ･ｳ ｡ｲ･ ｣ｯｮｳｩ､･ｲ｡｢ｬｹ ｨｩｧｨ･ｲ ｴｨ｡ｮ ｴｨ･ ｡ｶ･ｲ｡ｧ･

ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｅｕ ｍ･ｭ｢･ｲ ｓｴ｡ｴ･ｳＮ ａｮ､Ｌ ｮｯｴ ｬ･ｳｳ ｩｭｰｯｲｴ｡ｮｴＬ ｴｨ･ ｐｯｲｴｵｧｵ･ｳ･ ｳ･･ｭ ｴｯ ｢･ ｬ･ｳｳ ｡ｷ｡ｲ･ ｯｦ ･ｸｰｯｳｵｲ･ ｴｯ ｦ｡ｬｳ･ ｮ･ｷｳＬ ｬ･ｳｳ

ｰｲ･ｰ｡ｲ･､ ｴｯ ｩ､･ｮｴｩｦｹ ｩｴＬ ｡ｮ､ ｬ･ｳｳ ｷｩｬｬｩｮｧ ｴｯ ｣ｯｮｳｩ､･ｲ ｩｴ ｡ ｰｲｯ｢ｬ･ｭ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ｩｲ ｣ｯｵｮｴｲｹ ｡ｮ､ ｦｯｲ ｴｨ･ ｦｵｮ｣ｴｩｯｮｩｮｧ ｯｦ ､･ｭｯ｣ｲ｡｣ｩ･ｳ

ｴｨ｡ｮ＠｡ｬｬ＠｣ｩｴｩｺ･ｮｳ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨ･＠ＲＸ＠ｭ･ｭ｢･ｲ＠ｳｴ｡ｴ･ｳ＠ＨｅｓＹＰＩＮ

ｉｮ ｴｨｩｳ ｍｐｍＲＰＲＰ ｦｯｲ ｐｯｲｴｵｧ｡ｬＬ ｷ･ ｦｯｵｮ､ ｡ｮ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳ･ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｲｩｳｫｳ ｴｯ ｰｬｵｲ｡ｬｩｳｭ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｡ｮ､ ｮ･ｷ ｭ･､ｩ｡ ｳ･｣ｴｯｲｳ

｣ｯｭｰ｡ｲ･､＠ｴｯ＠ｰｲ･ｶｩｯｵｳ＠｡ｳｳ･ｳｳｭ･ｮｴｳＬ＠｡ｳ＠ｷ･＠､･ｳ｣ｲｩ｢･＠ｩｮ＠ｴｨ･＠､ｩｦｦ･ｲ･ｮｴ＠ｳ･｣ｴｩｯｮｳ＠ｯｦ＠ｴｨｩｳ＠ｲ･ｰｯｲｴ＠ＲＰＲＰＮ

ｂ｡ｳｩ｣＠ｐｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ

ａ｢ｯｵｴ ｴｨ･ ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ｧｵ｡ｲ｡ｮｴ･･ｳ ｯｦ ｦｲ･･､ｯｭ ｯｦ ･ｸｰｲ･ｳｳｩｯｮ ｯｮｬｩｮ･Ｌ ｴｨ･ｹ ｡ｲ･ ｧｵ｡ｲ｡ｮｴ･･､ ｩｮ ｴｨ･ ｣ｯｮｳｴｩｴｵｴｩｯｮ｡ｬ ｡ｮ､ ｬ･ｧ｡ｬ

ｦｲ｡ｭ･ｷｯｲｫＬ ｮ｡ｭ･ｬｹ ｴｨｲｯｵｧｨ ｴｨ･ ｰｲ･ｳｳ ｬ｡ｷＬ ｢ｵｴ ｩｴ ｩｳ ｡ ｦ｡｣ｴ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ ｡｢ｵｳ･ ｯｦ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｦｲ･･､ｯｭＬ ｩｮ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｷｯｲ､ｳＬ ｴｨ･

ｭｩｳｩｮｦｯｲｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｡ｮ､ ､･ｦ｡ｭ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｴｨｲｯｵｧｨ ｳｯ｣ｩ｡ｬ ｮ･ｴｷｯｲｫｳＬ ｨ｡ｳ ｢･･ｮ ｩｮ｣ｲ･｡ｳｩｮｧ ｩｮ ｐｯｲｴｵｧ｡ｬ ｷｩｴｨｯｵｴ ･ｦｦ･｣ｴｩｶ･ ｲ･ｧｵｬ｡ｴｯｲｹ

ｩｮｴ･ｲｶ･ｮｴｩｯｮ Ｈｐ･ｮ｡ ＲＰＱＹＩＮ ａｮｹｷ｡ｹＬ ｴｨ･ ｳｩｴｵ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｩｮ ｐｯｲｴｵｧ｡ｬ ｩｳ ｮｯｴ ｳｯ ｳ･ｲｩｯｵｳ Ｍ ｩｴ ｣｡ｮｮｯｴ ･ｶ･ｮ ｢･ ｣ｯｭｰ｡ｲ･､ ｴｯ ｭ｡ｮｹ ｯｴｨ･ｲ

ｲ･｡ｬｩｴｩ･ｳ ｡ｲｯｵｮ､ ｴｨ･ ｷｯｲｬ､ ＭＬ ｡ｳ ､･ｳ｣ｲｩ｢･､ ｦｯｲ ｩｮｳｴ｡ｮ｣･ ｡ｳ Ｂ､ｩｧｩｴ｡ｬ ｡ｵｴｨｯｲｩｴ｡ｲｩ｡ｮｩｳｭＢ ｯｲ Ｂ･ｬ･｣ｴｯｲ｡ｬ ｭ｡ｮｩｰｵｬ｡ｴｩｯｮＢ ｢ｹ ｴｨ･

ｆｲ･･､ｯｭ＠ｯｮ＠ｴｨ･＠ｎ･ｴ＠ＲＰＱＹ＠ｲ･ｰｯｲｴＮ

ｃｯｮ｣･ｲｮｩｮｧ ｯｮｬｩｮ･ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｭＬ ｳ｡ｦ･ｴｹＬ ｡ｮ､ ､｡ｴ｡ ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮＬ ｩｴ ｩｳ ｶ･ｲｹ ｣ｬ･｡ｲ ｴｨ｡ｴ ｴｨ･ ｩｭｰｲｯｶ･ｭ･ｮｴ ｯｦ ｷｯｲｫｩｮｧ ｣ｯｮ､ｩｴｩｯｮｳＬ

ｴｯｧ･ｴｨ･ｲ ｷｩｴｨ ｴｨ･ ･｣ｯｮｯｭｩ｣ ｳｴ｡｢ｩｬｩｺ｡ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｴｨｩｳ ｩｮ､ｵｳｴｲｹ ｩｮ ｴｲ｡ｮｳｩｴｩｯｮＬ ｡ｲ･ ｦｵｮ､｡ｭ･ｮｴ｡ｬ ｦ｡｣ｴｯｲｳ ｴｯ ｧｵ｡ｲ｡ｮｴ･･ ｴｨ･ ､ｩｧｮｩｴｹ

｡ｮ､ ｩｮ､･ｰ･ｮ､･ｮ｣･ ｯｦ ｴｨ･ ｰｲｯｦ･ｳｳｩｯｮＬ ｯｮ ｴｨ･ ｯｮ･ ｨ｡ｮ､Ｌ ｡ｮ､ ｯｮ ｴｨ･ ｯｴｨ･ｲ ｨ｡ｮ､Ｌ ｴｨ･ ｳ｡ｦ･ｴｹ ｡ｮ､ ｰｲｯｴ･｣ｴｩｯｮ ｯｦ ｪｯｵｲｮ｡ｬｩｳｴｳ

｣ｯｮ｣･ｲｮｩｮｧ＠ｴｨ･＠､｡ｴ｡＠ｴｨ｡ｴ＠｡ｲ･＠ｵｮ､･ｲ＠ｴｨ･ｩｲ＠ｰｵｲｶｩ･ｷＮ

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