Actors of protection
Author | European Asylum Support Office (EU body or agency) |
Pages | 157-161 |
Common analysis | Iraq
January 2021
157
4.Actors of protection
This chapter looks into the topic of protection against persecution or serious harm and analyses
whether the relevant actors in Iraqmeet the requirements of Article 7 QD.
Article 7(1)(2) of the Qualification Directive
Actors of protection
1. Protection against persecution or serious harm can only be provided by:
a)The State; or
b)Parties or organisations, including international organisations, controlling the State or a
substantial part of the territory of the State;
provided they are willing and able to offer protection in accordance with paragraph 2.
2. Protection against persecution or serious harm must be effective and of a non-temporary
nature. Such protection is generally provided when the actors mentioned under points (a) and (b)
of paragraph 1 take reasonable steps to prevent the persecution or suffering of serious harm,
inter alia, by operating an effective legal system for the detection, prosecution and punishment of
acts constitutingpersecution or serious harm, and when the applicant has access to such
protection.
The contents of this chapter include:
The State: outlining and analysing the capacity of the Iraqi Stateandof the Kurdistan Regional
Government (KRG)to provide protectio n in accordance with Article 7 QD;
Parties or organisations, including international orga nisations: analysing whether other parties or
organisationscould qualify as actors of protection under Article 7 QD.
The State
The term ‘State’ (Article 7(1)(a) QD) encompasses any organ exercising legislative, executive, judicial
or any other functions and acting at any level, be it central, federal, regional, provincial or local.
Sometimes, private entities may also be given State powers and made responsible for providing
protection under the control of the State.
In order to qualify as an actor of protection, the State has to be able and willingto protect persons
under its jurisdiction.
The protection in the country of origin has to meet three cumulative conditions. It has to be:
Figure 11. Requirements to the protection in the country of origin in accordance with Article 7 QD.
effective non-
temporary
accessible
to the
applicant
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