| Celex Number | 32014R0511 |
| Coming into Force | 01 January 1001,09 June 2014 |
| End of Effective Date | 31 December 9999 |
| ELI | http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2014/511/oj |
| Published date | 20 May 2014 |
| Date | 16 April 2014 |
| Official Gazette Publication | Gazzetta ufficiale dell’Unione europea, L 150, 20 maggio 2014,Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea, L 150, 20 de mayo de 2014,Journal officiel de l’Union européenne, L 150, 20 mai 2014 |
| 20.5.2014 | EN | Official Journal of the European Union | L 150/59 |
REGULATION (EU) No 511/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 16 April 2014
on compliance measures for users from the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization in the Union
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 192(1) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (1),
After consulting the Committee of the Regions,
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure (2),
Whereas:
| (1) | The main international instrument providing a general framework for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources is the Convention on Biological Diversity, approved on behalf of the Union in accordance with Council Decision 93/626/EEC (3) (the ‘Convention’). |
| (2) | The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (4) (the ‘Nagoya Protocol’) is an international treaty adopted on 29 October 2010 by the Parties to the Convention. The Nagoya Protocol further elaborates upon the general rules of the Convention on access to genetic resources and sharing of monetary and non-monetary benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources (‘access and benefit-sharing’). In accordance with Council Decision 2014/283/EU (5), the Nagoya Protocol was approved on behalf of the Union. |
| (3) | A broad range of users and suppliers in the Union, including academic, university and non-commercial researchers and companies from different sectors of industry, use genetic resources for research, development and commercialisation purposes. Some also use traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. |
| (4) | Genetic resources represent the gene pool in both natural and domesticated or cultivated species and play a significant and growing role in many economic sectors, including food production, forestry, and the development of medicines, cosmetics and bio-based sources of energy. Furthermore, genetic resources play a significant role in the implementation of strategies designed to restore damaged ecosystems and safeguard endangered species. |
| (5) | Traditional knowledge that is held by indigenous and local communities could provide important lead information for the scientific discovery of interesting genetic or biochemical properties of genetic resources. Such traditional knowledge includes knowledge, innovations and practices, of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles, relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. |
| (6) | The Convention recognises that States have sovereign rights over natural resources found within their jurisdiction and the authority to determine access to their genetic resources. The Convention imposes an obligation on all Parties thereto to endeavour to create conditions to facilitate access to genetic resources, over which they exercise sovereign rights, for environmentally sound uses by other Parties to the Convention. The Convention also makes it mandatory for all Parties thereto to take measures with the aim of sharing in a fair and equitable way the results of research and development and the benefits arising from commercial and other utilisation of genetic resources with the Party to the Convention that provided those resources. Such sharing is to take place upon mutually agreed terms. The Convention also addresses access and benefit-sharing in relation to the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities, which are relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. |
| (7) | Genetic resources should be preserved in situ and utilised in sustainable ways, and the benefits arising from their utilisation should be shared fairly and equitably, in order to contribute to poverty eradication and, thereby, to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, as acknowledged in the preamble of the Nagoya Protocol. The implementation of the Nagoya Protocol should also aim to realise that potential. |
| (8) | The Nagoya Protocol applies to genetic resources, over which States exercise sovereign rights, falling within the scope of Article 15 of the Convention as opposed to the wider scope of Article 4 of the Convention. That implies that the Nagoya Protocol does not extend to the full jurisdictional scope of Article 4 of the Convention, such as to activities taking place in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction. Research on genetic resources is gradually being extended into new areas, especially the oceans which are still the planet’s least explored and least well-known environments. The deep ocean in particular represents the last great frontier on the planet and is attracting growing interest in terms of research, prospecting and resource exploration. |
| (9) | It is important to set out a clear and sound framework for implementing the Nagoya Protocol that should contribute to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilisation of genetic resources and poverty eradication, while at the same time enhancing opportunities available for nature-based research and development activities in the Union. It is also essential to prevent the utilisation in the Union of genetic resources or traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, which were not accessed in accordance with the national access and benefit-sharing legislation or regulatory requirements of a Party to the Nagoya Protocol, and to support the effective implementation of benefit-sharing commitments set out in mutually agreed terms between providers and users. It is also essential to improve the conditions for legal certainty in connection with the utilisation of genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. |
| (10) | The framework created by this Regulation will contribute to maintaining and increasing trust between Parties to the Nagoya Protocol as well as other stakeholders, including indigenous and local communities, involved in access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources. |
| (11) | In order to ensure legal certainty, it is important that the rules implementing the Nagoya Protocol apply only to genetic resources over which States exercise sovereign rights within the scope of Article 15 of the Convention, and to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources within the scope of the Convention, which are accessed after the entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol for the Union. |
| (12) | The Nagoya Protocol requires each Party thereto, in the development and implementation of its access and benefit-sharing legislation or regulatory requirements, to consider the importance of genetic resources for food and agriculture (GRFA) and their special role for food security. In accordance with Council Decision 2004/869/EC (6), the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) was approved on behalf of the Union. The ITPGRFA constitutes a specialised international access and benefit-sharing instrument within the meaning of Article 4(4) of the Nagoya Protocol that should not be affected by the rules implementing the Nagoya Protocol. |
| (13) | Many Parties to the Nagoya Protocol, in the exercise of their sovereign rights, have decided that Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) under their management and control and in the public domain, not listed in Annex I to the ITPGRFA, are also to be subject to the terms and conditions of the standard material transfer agreement (sMTA) for the purposes set out under the ITPGRFA. |
| (14) | The Nagoya Protocol should be implemented in a manner that is mutually supportive with other international instruments that do not run counter to the Protocol’s objectives or to those of the Convention. |
| (15) | In Article 2 of the Convention, the terms ‘domesticated species’ are defined as any species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs and ‘biotechnology’ as any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. In Article 2 of the Nagoya Protocol, the term ‘derivatives’ is defined as a naturally occurring biochemical compound resulting from the genetic expression or metabolism of biological or genetic resources, even if it does not contain functional units of heredity. |
| (16) | The Nagoya Protocol requires each Party thereto to pay due regard to cases of present or imminent emergencies that threaten or damage human, animal or plant health, as determined nationally or internationally. On 24 May 2011, the Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits (the ‘PIP Framework’). The PIP Framework applies only to influenza viruses with human pandemic potential and specifically does not apply to seasonal influenza viruses. The PIP Framework constitutes a |
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